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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *preh₂- + *-wós.
Adjective
*pr̥h₂wós[1][2]
- first
Alternative reconstructions
Inflection
| Thematic
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masculine
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feminine
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| nominative
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*pr̥h₂wós
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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| genitive
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*pr̥h₂wósyo
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂s
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| masculine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*pr̥h₂wós
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*pr̥h₂wóh₁
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*pr̥h₂wóes
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| vocative
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*pr̥h₂wé
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*pr̥h₂wóh₁
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*pr̥h₂wóes
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| accusative
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*pr̥h₂wóm
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*pr̥h₂wóh₁
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*pr̥h₂wóms
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| genitive
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*pr̥h₂wósyo
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wóHom
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| ablative
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*pr̥h₂wéad
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
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| dative
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*pr̥h₂wóey
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
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| locative
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*pr̥h₂wéy, *pr̥h₂wóy
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wóysu
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| instrumental
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*pr̥h₂wóh₁
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wṓys
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| feminine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂es
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| vocative
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂es
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| accusative
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*pr̥h₂wā́m
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂m̥s
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| genitive
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂s
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂oHom
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| ablative
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂s
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂mos, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰos
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| dative
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂ey
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂mos, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰos
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| locative
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂, *pr̥h₂wéh₂i
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂su
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| instrumental
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂mis, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰis
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| neuter
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*pr̥h₂wóm
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*pr̥h₂wóy(h₁)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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| vocative
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*pr̥h₂wóm
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*pr̥h₂wóy(h₁)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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| accusative
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*pr̥h₂wóm
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*pr̥h₂wóy(h₁)
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*pr̥h₂wéh₂
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| genitive
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*pr̥h₂wósyo
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wóHom
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| ablative
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*pr̥h₂wéad
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
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| dative
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*pr̥h₂wóey
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
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| locative
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*pr̥h₂wéy, *pr̥h₂wóy
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wóysu
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| instrumental
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*pr̥h₂wóh₁
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*?
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*pr̥h₂wṓys
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Descendants
- >? Proto-Albanian: *paru
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: հարաւ (haraw) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírˀwas[5]
- Proto-Slavic: *pь̀rvъ[6] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *furwōstaz, *furwistaz
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *pärwe[1]
- Tocharian A: pärwat (with -t from the other ordinal numbers)
- Tocharian B: parwe
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “parwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 383: “PTch *pärwe; PIE *pr̥hₐwó-”
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 653
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρῷρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1244-1245
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pū́rva-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 401-2
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “pirmas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 357-358
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”