Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/puHrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *peh₁w- (“to mow, harvest”) +‎ *-rós (compare Latin putō (“to prune (trees), scour (wool)”), Latvian pļaũt (“to mow, harvest”)),^[1] or perhaps *ph₂-u-ró-s, from *peh₂- (“to strike”)^[2]. Alternatively borrowed from Proto-Semitic (compare Hebrew בָּר (bar, “wheat”), Arabic بُرّ (burr, “wheat”)), or a Wanderwort^[3]^[4].

Noun

*puHrós m (non-ablauting)^[5]

A type of grain, possibly: wheat, spelt

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*puHrós
genitive	*puHrósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*puHrós	*puHróh₁	*puHróes
vocative	*puHré	*puHróh₁	*puHróes
accusative	*puHróm	*puHróh₁	*puHróms
genitive	*puHrósyo	*?	*puHróHom
ablative	*puHréad	*?	puHrómos, puHróbʰos
dative	*puHróey	*?	puHrómos, puHróbʰos
locative	puHréy, puHróy	*?	*puHróysu
instrumental	*puHróh₁	*?	*puHrṓys

Derived terms

^? *puHr-ḗn
- Proto-Hellenic: *pūrḗn
  - Ancient Greek: πῡρήν (pūrḗn)

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Eastern Baltic:
  - Latvian: pûri, (obsolete spelling) pûŗi
  - Lithuanian: pūrai̇̃
- Old Prussian: pure
- Curonian: *pūrai
  - →? Samogitian: pūrai
- Proto-Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic: пꙑре (pyre)
  - Russian: пыре́й (pyréj)
  - Ukrainian: пирій (pyrij)
Proto-Germanic:
- Proto-West Germanic:
  - >? Old English: fyrs
    - Middle English: firse, fyrs, furs, ferse, forse, fyrrys, vors, virs
      - English: furze
Proto-Hellenic: *pūrós^[4]
- Ancient Greek: πῡρός (pūrós)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHrás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHrás
  - >? Sanskrit: पूर (pūra, “cake”) (doubtful)^[6]

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European‎^[1], Brill, page 136
^ Janda, Michael (2000) Eleusis: Das Indogermanische Erbe Der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 86) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 39-43
^ Schwyzer, Eduard (1939, 1950) Griechische Grammatik: auf der Grundlage von Karl Brugmanns Griechischer Grammatik (Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft; 1, part 3) (in German), München: C. H. Beck, page 53
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πῡρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1263: “IE *pHu-ro- ‘corn, wheat’”
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pū-ro-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 850
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “pūraḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 322–323

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European‎^[1], Brill, page 136

[2] Janda, Michael (2000) Eleusis: Das Indogermanische Erbe Der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 86) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 39-43

[3] Schwyzer, Eduard (1939, 1950) Griechische Grammatik: auf der Grundlage von Karl Brugmanns Griechischer Grammatik (Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft; 1, part 3) (in German), München: C. H. Beck, page 53

[EDG-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πῡρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1263: “IE *pHu-ro- ‘corn, wheat’”

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pū-ro-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 850

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “pūraḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 322–323

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