Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wek⁽ʷ⁾speros
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *we(s)kʷeros[1]
Etymology
Possibly a compound of the unknown element *we- and the zero-grade of the noun *kʷséps (“night”). The first element has been connected with Latin vē- in vē-sanus (“mad”), although this is rejected by De Vaan. The original meaning could have been "(stretching) towards the night".
Noun
*wek⁽ʷ⁾speros m (non-ablauting)
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros | ||
| genitive | *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes |
| vocative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾spere | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes |
| accusative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperom | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroms |
| genitive | *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosyo | *? | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroHom |
| ablative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speread | *? | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos, *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos |
| dative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroey | *? | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos, *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos |
| locative | *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperey, *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroy | *? | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroysu |
| instrumental | *wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ | *? | *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperōys |
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: գիշեր (gišer)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wékeras (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *weskʷeros (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *westraz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *wésperos
- Ancient Greek: ἕσπερος (hésperos)
- Proto-Italic: *wesperos
- Latin: vesper (see there for further descendants)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470f
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 184
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 670
- ^ Nikolajev, S. L. (2012) “Vostočnoslavjanskije refleksy akcentnoj paradigmy d i indojevropejskije sootvetstvija slavjanskim akcentnym tipam suščestvitelʹnyx mužskovo roda s o- i u-osnovami*”, in Karpato-balkanskij dialektnyj landšaft: Jazyk i kulʹtura[1] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 161