Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Haratníš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bow”).

Noun

*Haratníš m

elbow

Inflection

masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Haratníš	*HaratníH	*Haratnáyas
vocative	*Háratnay	*HáratniH	*Háratnayas
accusative	*Haratním	*HaratníH	*Haratnínš
instrumental	*HaratníH	*Haratníbʰyā(m)	*Haratníbʰiš
ablative	*Haratnáyš	*Haratníbʰyā(m)	*Haratníbʰyas
dative	*Haratnáyay	*Haratníbʰyā(m)	*Haratníbʰyas
genitive	*Haratnáyš	*Haratniyā́s	*HaratniHnáHam
locative	*Haratnā́y	*Haratniyáw	*Haratníšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Haratníṣ
- Sanskrit: अरत्नि (aratní)
  - Pali: ratani
Proto-Iranian: *Haraθníš
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬥𐬀 (ar^əθna)
- Gurani: ھەرەژنە (haražna), یەرەژنە (yaražna)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ariñe)
- Northern Kurdish: *aršni-
  Northern Kurdish: enîşk
  
  Central Kurdish: ئەنیشک (enîşk), ئانیشک (anîşk)
- Mazanderani: السکین (aleskin)
- Munji: [script needed] (rā́zən), [script needed] (rázen),
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎡 (a-r-š-n-i /⁠arašni⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: ”ryšn (arašn)
    - Persian: ارش (araš)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: آرشون (arşun, arşın), آرشین (arşın)
      - Turkish: arşın
      - → Albanian: arshin
      - → Armenian: արշին (aršin), արշըն (aršən), առշուն (aṙšun) — dialectal
      - → Aromanian: aršín
      - → Bulgarian: арши́н (aršín)
      - → Macedonian: аршин (aršin)
      - → Russian: арши́н (aršín)
        → English: arshin
        → Finnish: arsina
        → Northern Mansi: а̄рсын (ārsyn)
        → Polish: arszyn
        → Portuguese: archina
        → Romanian: arșin
        → Spanish: archina
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: а̀ршӣн
        Latin script: àršīn
    - → Turkmen: arçyn
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (ārinǰ)
- Sarikoli: [script needed] (yorn)
- Shughni: [script needed] (ārenǰ)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾʾrʾync /⁠ārinč/, /ārenč⁠/)
  - → Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾplnc /⁠āranǰ⁠/)
    - Persian: آرنج (âranj)
      - Tajik: оринҷ (orinj)
- Wakhi: ōrīnǰ
- Yagnobi: [script needed] (ōrínǰ)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (razín)
- Zazaki: herçene (harčana), arasna (ārāsna), arisna (ārisna)
>? Proto-Nuristani:
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ařë
    
    Kativiri: ařë
  - Prasuni: vužë, vuẓo
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: oṛiṅ
  - Waigali: avřa