Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HrasáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    Reflecting Proto-Indo-European *h₁res-éh₂, thematicized from the root noun *h₁rṓs (“dew, moisture”).[1] Compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ and possibly Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).[2][3]

    Noun

    *HrasáH f[4]

    1. (flowing) liquid, fluid; moisture, wetness
      1. sap
      2. juice
      3. blood (within the body)
    2. The name of a river, possibly originally: Volga?[5]
      1. (mythology) Rasā, a mythical stream or primordial sea said to encircle the earth (or underworld) and skies

    Declension

    aH-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *HrasáH *Hrasáy *Hrasā́s
    vocative *Hrásay *Hrásay *Hrásās
    accusative *Hrasā́m *Hrasáy *Hrasā́s
    instrumental *HrasáH, -ayaH *HrasáHbʰyā(m) *HrasáHbʰiš
    ablative *HrasáyaHs *HrasáHbʰyā(m) *HrasáHbʰyas
    dative *HrasáyaHi *HrasáHbʰyā(m) *HrasáHbʰyas
    genitive *HrasáyaHs *HrasáyHās *HrasáHnaHam
    locative *HrasáyaH *HrasáyHaw *HrasáHsu
    • *HrásaH f
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HrásaH
    • *Hrásas m
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrásas
        • Sanskrit: रस (rása) (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HrasáH
      • Sanskrit: रसा (rasā́, Rasā́) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Iranian: *HrahaH
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬁 (raŋhā, “a mythical river”)
      • Proto-Scythian:
        • → Ancient Greek: (unknown immediate source) Ῥᾶ (Rhâ, “Volga”), Ῥῶς (Rhôs)[2]
      • ⇒ *Hrahakah (“vein, artery”)
        • Northeastern Iranian:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (rrā, “veins”)
          • Sogdian: 𐽀𐼰𐼸 (rʾk, “vein”)
          • Khwarezmian: 𐿂𐾰𐾻 (rʾk, “vein”)
        • Western Iranian:
          • Middle Persian: lk' (rag), 𐫡𐫃 (rg /⁠rag⁠/)
          • Tajik: раг (rag)
          • Parthian: [script needed] (rhk, “vein”)
          • → Old Armenian: երակ (erak)

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “rása-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 441–442
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*res-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 574–575
    3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “rásaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 48
    4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    5. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 158–159: “DEW”
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