Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kŕ̥miš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis, Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.

Noun

*kŕ̥miš m

worm

Declension

masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kŕ̥miš	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
vocative	*kŕ̥may	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
accusative	*kŕ̥mim	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥minš
instrumental	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mibʰyā(m)	*kŕ̥mibʰiš
ablative	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥mibʰyā(m)	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
dative	*kŕ̥mayay	*kŕ̥mibʰyā(m)	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
genitive	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥miyās	*kŕ̥miHnaHam
locative	*kŕ̥māy	*kŕ̥miyaw	*kŕ̥mišu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ
- Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)
  - Pali: kimi
  - Punjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)
  - Odia: କୃମି (krumi)
  - Bengali: কৃমি (krimi)
  - Sinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)
  - → Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)
  - → Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)
  - → Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)
  - → Indonesian: keremi
  - >? Romani: kirmo, kermo
Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)
  - Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: کرم (kirm)
  - Northern Kurdish: kirm
  - Old Median: *kr̥miš (see there for further descendants)
  - Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)
    - Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁 (k-r-mi-š /⁠*kármiš⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠kirm⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)
      - Persian: کرم (kerm)