Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pʰáynas
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-(m)no-s,[1] likely rebuilt from an n-stem,[2] perhaps mn-stem *(s)péHi-mn̥ ~ *(s)pHi-mén-s,[3] from *(s)poH(y)- + *-mn̥.
Noun
Inflection
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *pʰáynas | *pʰáynā(w) | *pʰáynās(as) |
| vocative | *pʰáyna | *pʰáynā(w) | *pʰáynās(as) |
| accusative | *pʰáynam | *pʰáynā(w) | *pʰáynāns |
| instrumental | *pʰáynaH | *pʰáynaybʰyā(m) | *pʰáynāyš |
| ablative | *pʰáynāt | *pʰáynaybʰyā(m) | *pʰáynaybʰyas |
| dative | *pʰáynāy | *pʰáynaybʰyā(m) | *pʰáynaybʰyas |
| genitive | *pʰáynasya | *pʰáynayās | *pʰáynānaHam |
| locative | *pʰáynay | *pʰáynayaw | *pʰáynayšu |
Alternative reconstructions
- *pʰáyma ~ pʰáymans[6]
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pʰáynas
- Sanskrit: फेन m or n (phéna, “foam”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *fáynah (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Kulikov, Leonid (2017) “Part 4 Chapter 2: Indo-Aryan”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 228: “*pHoyno-”
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European[1], Brill, page 66: “*(s)pHoi-no-”
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “phéna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 204: “*(s)pHoi̯-n° (~ *-m° aus älterer *-men-Ableitung’?)”
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*faina- : fina- / *(s)paimna- : (s)pimna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 44: “арийск. *p(h)aina- ― arijsk. *p(h)aina-”
- ^ Palmér, Axel (2025) Indo-Slavic Lexical Isoglosses and the Prehistoric Dispersal of Indo-Iranian (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 26)[3], Leiden: Brill, , →ISBN, pages 205–206: “PIIr. *pHai-na-”
- ^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 571: “PIIr. *phaiman-”