Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥šćáti
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti.
Verb
- to ask
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *pr̥šćáti
| Infinitive | *práštum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *pr̥štwáH |
| Past passive participle | *pr̥štás |
| Future passive participle | *pŕ̥šćyas |
Present forms of *pr̥šćáti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *pr̥šćā́mi | *pr̥šćā́was | *pr̥šćā́mas | *pr̥šćáy | *pr̥šćā́wadʰHay | *pr̥šćā́madʰHay | *pr̥šćyáy | *pr̥šćyā́wadʰHay | *pr̥šćyā́madʰHay | |
| 2nd | *pr̥šćási | *pr̥šćátʰas | *pr̥šćátʰa | *pr̥šćásay | *pr̥šćáytʰay | *pr̥šćádʰway | *pr̥šćyásay | *pr̥šćyáytʰay | *pr̥šćyádʰway | |
| 3rd | *pr̥šćáti | *pr̥šćátas | *pr̥šćánti | *pr̥šćátay | *pr̥šćáytay | *pr̥šćántay | *pr̥šćyátay | *pr̥šćyáytay | *pr̥šćyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *pr̥šćā́ni | *pr̥šćā́wa | *pr̥šćā́ma | *pr̥šćáHay | *pr̥šćā́wadʰHay | *pr̥šćā́madʰHay | *pr̥šćyáHay | *pr̥šćyā́wadʰHay | *pr̥šćyā́madʰHay | |
| 2nd | *pr̥šćá | *pr̥šćátam | *pr̥šćáta | *pr̥šćáswa | *pr̥šćáytʰām | *pr̥šćádʰwam | *pr̥šćyáswa | *pr̥šćyáytʰām | *pr̥šćyádʰwam | |
| 3rd | *pr̥šćátu | *pr̥šćátām | *pr̥šćántu | *pr̥šćátām | *pr̥šćáytām | *pr̥šćántam | *pr̥šćyátām | *pr̥šćyáytām | *pr̥šćyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *pr̥šćáyHam | *pr̥šćáywa | *pr̥šćáymas | *pr̥šćáyHa | *pr̥šćáywadʰHi | *pr̥šćáymadʰHi | *pr̥šćyáyHa | *pr̥šćyáywadʰHi | *pr̥šćyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *pr̥šćáys | *pr̥šćáytam | *pr̥šćáyta | *pr̥šćáytʰās | *pr̥šćáyHātʰām | *pr̥šćáydʰwam | *pr̥šćyáytʰās | *pr̥šćyáyHātʰām | *pr̥šćyáydʰwam | |
| 3rd | *pr̥šćáyt | *pr̥šćáytām | *pr̥šćáyHunt | *pr̥šćáyta | *pr̥šćáyHātām | *pr̥šćáyrant | *pr̥šćyáyta | *pr̥šćyáyHātām | *pr̥šćyáyrant | |
| Participles | *pr̥šćánt | *pr̥šćámHnas | *pr̥šćyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *pr̥šćáti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ápr̥šćam | *ápr̥šćāwa | *ápr̥šćāma | *ápr̥šćay | *ápr̥šćāwadʰHi | *ápr̥šćāmadʰHi | *ápr̥ščyay | *ápr̥šćyāwadʰHi | *ápr̥šćyāmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ápr̥šćas | *ápr̥šćatam | *ápr̥šćata | *ápr̥šćatʰās | *ápr̥šćaytʰām | *ápr̥šćadʰwam | *ápr̥šćyatʰās | *ápr̥šćyaytʰām | *ápr̥šćyadʰwam | |
| 3rd | *ápr̥šćat | *ápr̥šćatām | *ápr̥šćant | *ápr̥šćata | *ápr̥šćaytām | *ápr̥šćanta | *ápr̥šćyata | *ápr̥šćyaytām | *ápr̥šćyanta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥šśáti[1]
- Sanskrit: पृच्छति (pṛccháti) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *pr̥sáti[3][1]
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pərəsaiti), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬁 (fraštā, aor.inj.med.)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pulśtä)
- Northern Kurdish: pirsîn
- Parthian: 𐫛𐫇𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫅 (pwrsyd /pursēd/)
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎿𐎠𐎷𐎹 (p-r-s-a-mi-y /pạrsāmiy/, “to ask, punish”, 1sg.pres.act.)
- Middle Persian: (/pursēd/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫅 (pwrsyd)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwrsyt)
- Persian: پرسیدن (porsidan)
- Middle Persian: (/pursēd/)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Bactrian: πορσοδο (porsodo)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mš-), [script needed] (bš-)
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫛𐫡𐫘𐫤𐫏 (ʾprsty)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 176: “*pr̥ščá-”
- ^ The template Template:R:hi:Misra does not use the parameter(s):
passage=prsčati
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 54 - ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*fras/prs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88