Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/skambʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to hold up”). Cognate with Latin scamnum (“stool, bench”).^[1]

Noun

*skambʰás m

pillar, support

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skambʰás	*skambʰā́(w)	*skambʰā́s(as)
vocative	*skámbʰa	*skámbʰā(w)	*skámbʰās(as)
accusative	*skambʰám	*skambʰā́(w)	*skambʰā́ns
instrumental	*skambʰáH	*skambʰáybʰyā(m)	*skambʰā́yš
ablative	*skambʰā́t	*skambʰáybʰyā(m)	*skambʰáybʰyas
dative	*skambʰā́y	*skambʰáybʰyā(m)	*skambʰáybʰyas
genitive	*skambʰásya	*skambʰáyās	*skambʰā́naHam
locative	*skambʰáy	*skambʰáyaw	*skambʰáyšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *skambʰás^[2]
- Sanskrit: स्कम्भ (skambhá)
  - Dardic:
    - Kashmiri: [script needed] (khambürü, “hollow left in a heap of grain”)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Sinhalese: කප (kapa)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀪 (khaṃbha)
    - Bengali: খাম (kham), খাম্বা (khamba)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: खम्भा (khambhā)
      - Maithili: खाम्ह (khāmh), खम्हा (khamhā), खाम्ही (khāmhī)
    - Odia: ଖମ୍ବ (khamba, “post”), ଖମା (khamā, “pit”)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀪 (khaṃbha)
    - Konkani: खांबो (khāmbo)
    - Old Marathi: खांब (khāṃba)
      - Marathi: खांब (khāmba)
  - Pali: khambha
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀪 (khaṃbha)
    - Gujarati: ખામ (khām), ખંભો (khambho)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: खम्भ (khambh), खंभा (khambhā)
      Urdu: کھمبھا (khambhā)
    - Kumaoni: खामो (khāmo)
    - Marwari: खांबडो (khā̃baṛo, “hole”)
    - Nepali: खांबो (khāmbo)
    - Punjabi: ਖੰਭ (khambh), کھنبھا / ਖੰਭਾ (khambhā)
Proto-Iranian: *skambáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: *𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬠𐬀 (*skamba)
    - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬠𐬆𐬨 (upaskambəm, “securing”)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: سکام (skām, “tent pole”)
Proto-Nuristani: *skambá
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Prasuni: ūškōb, iškyōp (“bridge”)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “SKAMBHᴵ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 750-1
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “skambhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “SKAMBHᴵ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 750-1

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “skambhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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