Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tŕ̥nam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom, nominalization of *tr̥nós (“sharp, stiff”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).

Noun

*tŕ̥nam n

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tŕ̥nam	*tŕ̥nay	*tŕ̥naH
vocative	*tŕ̥nam	*tŕ̥nay	*tŕ̥naH
accusative	*tŕ̥nam	*tŕ̥nay	*tŕ̥naH
instrumental	*tŕ̥naH	*tŕ̥naybʰyā(m)	*tŕ̥nāyš
ablative	*tŕ̥nāt	*tŕ̥naybʰyā(m)	*tŕ̥naybʰyas
dative	*tŕ̥nāy	*tŕ̥naybʰyā(m)	*tŕ̥naybʰyas
genitive	*tŕ̥nasya	*tŕ̥nayās	*tŕ̥nānaHam
locative	*tŕ̥nay	*tŕ̥nayaw	*tŕ̥nayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥nam (“grass”)
- Sanskrit: तृण (tṛ́ṇa)
  - Dardic:
    - ⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)
    - Northwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)
    - Sinhalese: තණ (taṇa)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
    - ⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)
    - ⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)
      - Maithili: तनिक (tanik)
    - Odia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
    - Konkani: तण (taṇ)
    - Marathi: तण (taṇ)
  - Pali: tiṇa
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
    - ⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)
    - Gujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)
    - ⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)
    - Kumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)
    - ⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)
    - Punjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)
    - Romani: ćar
Proto-Nuristani: *tr̥ná (“thorn”)
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: taňí
    
    Kativiri: taí