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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, to be lively”).
Adjective
*wáȷ́ras
- strong, hard
Noun
*wáȷ́ras m
- a mace, club or any such weapon
Declension
| masculine a-stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*wáȷ́ras
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*wáȷ́rā(w)
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*wáȷ́rās(as)
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| vocative
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*wáȷ́ra
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*wáȷ́rā(w)
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*wáȷ́rās(as)
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| accusative
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*wáȷ́ram
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*wáȷ́rā(w)
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*wáȷ́rāns
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| instrumental
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*wáȷ́raH
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*wáȷ́raybʰyā(m)
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*wáȷ́rāyš
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| ablative
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*wáȷ́rāt
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*wáȷ́raybʰyā(m)
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*wáȷ́raybʰyas
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| dative
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*wáȷ́rāy
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*wáȷ́raybʰyā(m)
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*wáȷ́raybʰyas
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| genitive
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*wáȷ́rasya
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*wáȷ́rayās
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*wáȷ́rānaHam
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| locative
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*wáȷ́ray
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*wáȷ́rayaw
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*wáȷ́rayšu
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Derived terms
- *wáȷ́rakas (“strong; endowed with strength”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáȷ́rakas
- Sanskrit: वज्रक (vájraka, “diamond”)
- Proto-Iranian: *wájrakah
- Old Median: *vazr̥kah
- → Old Persian: 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 (vazr̥kaʰ)
- Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭰𐭥𐭫𐭢 (ʿcʿlg /wuzurg/)
- Classical Persian: بزرگ (buzurg, “large, big, great”)
- Tajik: бузург (buzurg)
- → Alviri-Vidari: بزرگ
- → Urdu: بزرگ (buzurg, “elderly”)
- → Hindi: बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg, “elderly”)
- → Old Armenian: վզուրկ (vzurk)
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫉𐫡𐫃 (wzrg /wuzurg/)
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáȷ́ras
- Sanskrit: वज्र (vájra, “hard; the mace of Indra; thunderbolt; diamond”)
- → Bengali: বজ্র (bojro)
- → English: vajra
- → Hindi: वज्र (vajra), बज्र (bajra)
- → Malay: bajra
- → Telugu: వజ్రం (vajraṁ)
- → Kannada: ವಜ್ರ (vajra)
- → Tamil: வச்சிரம் (vacciram)
- Middle Indo-Aryan:[1]
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀇𑀭 (vaïra), 𑀯𑁂𑀭 (vera)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚 (vajja)
- Pali: vajira
- Proto-Iranian: *wajrah
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “the mace of Mithra”)
- → Middle Persian: wzl (wazr, “mace”), wlz (warz)
- Classical Persian: گرز (gurz)
- Dari: گرز (gurz)
- Iranian Persian: گرز (gorz)
- Tajik: гурз (gurz)
- → Armenian: գուրզ (gurz)
- → Turkish: gürz
- → Old Armenian: վարզ (varz)
- → Proto-Uralic: *waśara[2]
- Proto-Finnic: *vasara (“hammer”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Samic: *veačērē (“hammer”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Mordvinic: *uźəŕə
- Erzya: узере (uzere, “axe”)
- Moksha: узерь (uzeŕ, “axe”)
References
- ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages[1], Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass
- ^ Joki, Aulis J. (1973) Uralier und Indogermanen [Uralians and Indo-Europeans] (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 151) (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN