Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θráhma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *trásma, from Proto-Indo-European *trés-mn̥, from *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”) + *-mn̥.

    Noun

    *θráhma n[1]

    1. terror, fear

    Inflection

    neuter consonant stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *θráhma *θráhmaniH *θráhmān
    vocative *θráhma *θráhmaniH *θráhmān
    accusative *θráhma *θráhmaniH *θráhmān
    instrumental *θráhmanaH *θráhmabʰyā(m) *θráhmabʰiš
    ablative *θráhmanh *θráhmabʰyā(m) *θráhmabʰyaH
    dative *θráhmanay *θráhmabʰyā(m) *θráhmabʰyaH
    genitive *θráhmanh *θráhmanHāh *θráhmanaHam
    locative *θráhman(i) *θráhmanHaw *θráhmahu

    Descendants

    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Parthian: *hram
        • → Middle Persian: *hram
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Bakhtiari: سهم (sahm)
      • Old Persian: *çahma
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠sahm⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫍𐫖 (shm)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (shm)
          • Classical Persian: سهم (sahm)
            • → Armenian: սահմ (sahm)
            • → Gurani: سام (sām)
            • → Hindustani:
              Hindi: सहम (saham)
              Urdu: سَہْم (sahm)
            • → Kurdish:
              Central Kurdish: سام (sam)
              Northern Kurdish: sav
              Southern Kurdish: سیەو (syew), سیەم (syem)
            • → Pashto: سهم (sahm)

    References

    1. ^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “sahm”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 172
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