Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hnā́xš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́kš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs.

Noun

*Hnā́xš ~ *Hnaxás^[1]^[2]

(anatomy) nail

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hnā́xš	*Hnā́xā(w)	*Hnā́xah
vocative	*Hnáx	*Hnā́xā(w)	*Hnā́xah
accusative	*Hnā́xam	*Hnā́xā(w)	*Hnaxáh
instrumental	*HnaxáH	*Hnaxbʰyā́(m)	*Hnaxbʰíš
ablative	*Hnaxáh	*Hnaxbʰyā́(m)	*HnaxbʰyáH
dative	*Hnaxáy	*Hnaxbʰyā́(m)	*HnaxbʰyáH
genitive	*Hnaxáh	*HnaxHā́h	*HnaxáHam
locative	*Hnáxi	*HnaxHáw	*Hnaxšú

Related terms

*HnagnuHakaH^[1]
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: نینۆک (nînok)
  
  Northern Kurdish: neynûk
- Zazaki: nengū
*Hnagr̥^[1]
- Old Median: *nagr̥
  - Talysh: nangыr
- Wakhi: [script needed] (diɣ̌ə́r), [script needed] (digə́r)
Pashto: نوک (nūk), نُک (nuk)
Ormuri: [script needed] (naxk), [script needed] (naxčī)

Derived terms

*HnāxanaH^[3]^[1]
- Yidgha: [script needed] (anáxno)
- Sogdian: 𐼻𐼰𐼲𐼰𐼻 (n’γ’n /⁠nāxan⁠/)
*Hnāxunah^[1]
- Baluchi: ناہن (náhun), ناکن (nákun)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (nāhune, plural)
- Parthian: [script needed] (nxwn /⁠naxun⁠/)
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nʾhwn' /⁠nāxun⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: نَاخُن (nāxun)
    - → Hindi: नाख़ुन (nāxun)
    - → Urdu: ناخن (nāxun)
- Yagnobi: нахна (náxna)
*Hnaxarakah
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (narxōk)
*Hnaxawarah^[1]
- Sarikoli: [script needed] (našɛwr), [script needed] (našawr), [script needed] (nišawr)

Descendants

Ossetian:
Digor Ossetian: них (nix)

Iron Ossetian: ных (nyx)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2012) “Avestisch nāf° und nabā.-: Flexion und Wortbildung”, in Schindlers Listen: Ein Vierteljahrhundert Jochem-Schindler-Lehre‎^[1], volume 13, Wien
^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 581
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), section 96

[Kümmel-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2012) “Avestisch nāf° und nabā.-: Flexion und Wortbildung”, in Schindlers Listen: Ein Vierteljahrhundert Jochem-Schindler-Lehre‎^[1], volume 13, Wien

[2] Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 581

[3] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), section 96

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