Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gawθrám

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gawtrám.

Noun

*gawθrám n[1][2][3][4]

  1. growth, multiplication
  2. lineage, family

Inflection

neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *gawθrám *gawθráy *gawθráH
vocative *gáwθram *gáwθray *gáwθraH
accusative *gawθrám *gawθráy *gawθráH
instrumental *gawθráH *gawθráybʰyā(m) *gawθrā́yš
ablative *gawθrā́t *gawθráybʰyā(m) *gawθráybʰyah
dative *gawθrā́y *gawθráybʰyā(m) *gawθráybʰyah
genitive *gawθráhya *gawθráyāh *gawθrā́naHam
locative *gawθráy *gawθráyaw *gawθráyšu

Descendants

  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdian: 𐫄𐫇𐫢𐫤 (ǧwšt, “metals”, pl.)
    • Bactrian: *ɣōr
      • ⇒ Bactrian: γωυριγο (gōurigo /⁠ɣōriɣ⁠/, “family”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: gewher (“jewel, gem”)
    • Old Median: *gauθram
      • → Old Persian: *gauθram
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠gōhr⁠/, “substance; jewel; lineage”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫇𐫍𐫡 (gwhr)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwhl), [script needed] (gwʾhl) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Čanagōθram
          • → Elamite: [script needed] (Za-na-ku-ut-ra)
        • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Čitēgōθram
          • → Elamite: [script needed] (Zí-te-ku-ut-ra)
        • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Hangōθram
          • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmgwhl /⁠hamgōhr⁠/)
          • → Elamite: [script needed] (An-ku-ut-ra)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *gauçam
      • ⇒ Old Persian: *Kangauçam
        • → Elamite: [script needed] (Ka₄-ka₄-u-iš-ša)

References

  1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228
  2. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “gvāna-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 96: “*gau-θra- or *gavaθra-”
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “gotrá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 497: “iran. *gau̯θra-”
  4. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “γwš²”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 177: “gauθra”
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