Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jimáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós.

Noun

*jimáh

winter
cold, frost

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jimáh	*jimā́(w)	*jimā́h(ah)
vocative	*jíma	*jímā(w)	*jímāh(ah)
accusative	*jimám	*jimā́(w)	*jimā́nh
instrumental	*jimáH	*jimáybʰyā(m)	*jimā́yš
ablative	*jimā́t	*jimáybʰyā(m)	*jimáybʰyah
dative	*jimā́y	*jimáybʰyā(m)	*jimáybʰyah
genitive	*jimáhya	*jimáyāh	*jimā́naHam
locative	*jimáy	*jimáyaw	*jimáyšu

Derived terms

*jimakah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬐𐬀 (zəmaka, “cold, winter storm”)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Bactrian: ζιμγο (zimgo /⁠zimg⁠/)
  - Ossetian:
    Digor Ossetian: зумӕг (zumæg)
    
    Iron Ossetian: зымӕг (zymæg)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (zmʾk), [script needed] (ʾzmy), [script needed] (zmyy /⁠(ə)zmē⁠/)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri-Parachi:
    - Ormuri: [script needed] (zimak), [script needed] (zəmak)
    - Parachi: zemā, žəmā
  - Pashto: ژمی (žë́may), جمی (jë́may), زمى (zë́may)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Northern Kurdish: zimag
  - Parthian: (“winter”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫖𐫃 (zmg /⁠zamag⁠/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Classical Persian: دمه (dama)
  - → Gurani: -دەمە (dama)
  - → Central Kurdish: -دەوە (-dewe)
*jimastaHnah
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: زمستان (zemestân)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: zivistan
    
    Central Kurdish: زِستان (zistan), زوستان (zustan)
    
    Southern Kurdish: زِمسان (zimsan)
    
    Laki: زِمسان (zimsan)
  - Old Median: *zimastānah
    - Middle Median: *ziməstān
      - Talysh: зымсон (zımson)
      - → Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ẕmstʾn' /⁠zemestān⁠/)
        
        Persian: زمستان (zemestân)
  - Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: زمسان (zimsān)
    - Zazaki: zımıstan
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Kumzari: دِمِستَان (dimistān)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫖𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (dmystʾn /⁠damestān⁠/)
    
    Pazand: [Term?] (/⁠damastąn⁠/)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋 (zəmō)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ysumi)
- Wakhi: [script needed] (zam), [script needed] (zəm)
Northwestern Iranian:
- → Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zm /⁠zam⁠/)
  - Persian: زم (zam)
  - Mazanderani: زم (zem)

References

Dockalová, Lenka, Blazek, Václav (2011) “The Indo-European Year”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎^[1], volume 39, number 3/4, pages 425-426