Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-isVmos

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-is-tm̥mós, from *-yōs (comparative formant) + *-tm̥mos.

Suffix

*-isVmos

  1. Forms superlative forms of adjectives.

Declension

Declension of *-isVmos (o/ā-stem)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-isVmos *-isVmā *-isVmom
vocative *-isVme *-isVma *-isVmom
accusative *-isVmom *-isVmam *-isVmom
genitive *-isVmosjo, -isVmī *-isVmās *-isVmosjo, -isVmī
dative *-isVmōi *-isVmāi *-isVmōi
ablative *-isVmōd *-isVmād *-isVmōd
locative *-isVmei *-isVmāi *-isVmei
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-isVmōs, -isVmoi *-isVmās *-isVmā
vocative *-isVmōs, -isVmoi *-isVmās *-isVmā
accusative *-isVmons *-isVmans *-isVmā
genitive *-isVmom *-isVmāzōm *-isVmom
dative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois
ablative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois
locative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois

Reconstruction notes

  • The reconstruction of the second vowel in this suffix varies quite wildly, ranging from *a (De Vaan), *e (Schrijver,[1] Meiser, etc.), *o (Weiss, Nishimura, etc.), and *u (Zair[2]).
  • Sabellic *-īm- is from a syncope of *-isVmos > *-ismos > *-īmos.[2]

Derived terms

Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-isVmos
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welaisVmos

Descendants

  • Latin: -issimus (see there for further descendants)
  • Oscan: -𐌉𐌌- (-im-) (in e.g. 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (nessimas))
  • Umbrian: -im- (in e.g. nesimei)

References

  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 10
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zair, Nicholas (2016) “Vowel weakening in the Sabellic languages as language contact”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 121, number 1, →ISSN, pages 295–316
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