Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-nka

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology

Spectulatively, possibly from the locative affix *ka, with the nasal from compounding with the genitive forms of pronouns such as *wana ka (“place of me > that which is associated with me”) > *wanka, which was resegmented as *wa-nka. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Particle

*-nka

  1. adnominative marker: the preceding nominal acts to qualify the following nominal in some fashion

Usage notes

When following pronouns or other nominatives indicating persons, this may have served in a genitive or possessive capacity, in use alongside *nə. In Old Japanese, が (ga) was used after nominatives indicating persons to mark other nominatives that were relatively close to the indicated person, while の (no) was used for nominatives that were more psychologically or emotionally distant.[1]

In Ryukyuan, *-nka came to be used for humans in general.[2]

Descendants

  • Old Japanese: が (ga)
    • Japanese: が (ga, nominative marker), Japanese: が / ヶ (ga, obsolete possessive marker)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *ga
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: が (ga)
      • Kunigami: が (ga)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)
      • Okinawan: が (ga)
      • Okinoerabu: が (ga)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)
      • Tokunoshima: が (ga)
      • Yoron: が (ga)
    • Southern Ryukyuan

See also

References

  1. ^ “か”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  2. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2018) Ryukyuan and the reconstruction of proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan, De Gruyter Mouton.
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