Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/karu

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronunciation

  • Accent class: HH-

Adjective

*karu

  1. light, lightweight
    Antonym: *onpo

Descendants

  • Old Japanese: 軽 (karu)
    • Japanese: 軽い (karui, Classical form karusi: Heian HHF, Tokyo 2 [LHL(L)], Kyoto 1:3 [LHL(L)][1] / Modern karui: Tokyo 0 [LHH(H)] = A, Kyoto 2 [HLL(L)] = A, Kagoshima A [HLL(L)][2])
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *karu (tone class A)
    • Northern Ryukyuan: *karu, *garu
      • Kunigami: 軽しぇん (gasshen /⁠gáꞯɕèɴ⁠/)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 軽さり (garusari)
      • Okinawan: 軽さん (kassan, gassan /⁠káꞯsâɴ, gáꞯsâɴ⁠/)
      • Okinoerabu: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsâɴ⁠/)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima: 軽さむっ (xarsam /⁠kʰàɾsàm̩⁠/)
      • Tokunoshima: 軽はい (garohai /⁠gàɾòháɪ̀⁠/)
      • Yoron: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsàɴ⁠/)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 軽ーㇲ゙ (kāz)
      • Yaeyama: 軽さーん (karasān /⁠káɾásàːɴ⁠/)
      • Yonaguni: 軽ん (karan /⁠kàɾáɴ⁠/)

References

  1. ^ “かる・い 【軽】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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