Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/limas

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Alternative forms

*nimas

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *nimas.

Noun

*limas

bailer in a canoe

Verb

*limas

to bail out a canoe

Descendants

Philippine
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: limás
  - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: limás
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: limás
    - Bikol Central: limás
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: limás
      - Masbatenyo: limás
      - Waray-Waray: límas
      - Tausug: limas
    - Mansaka: limas
  - Manobo
    - Binukid: limas
  - Danao
    - Maranao: limas
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - ⇒ Mongondow: molimat (“scoop out, bail water from a canoe”)
    - ⇒ Gorontalo: molimato (“bail out a canoe”)
- Kalamian
  - Agutaynen: limat
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: limasē (“the water that enters a canoe through a leak in the hull”)
Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: limas
- East Barito
  - Malagasy: díma (“a small wooden vessel used in baling water out of a canoe”)
North Bornean
- North Sarawakan
  - Kenyah
    - ⇒ Bakung: ngelima (“bail out a canoe”)
Kayanic
- Rejang Kayan: limah
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Simeulue: limas
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayic
  - Malay: limas
    - > Indonesian: limas (inherited)
  - Minangkabau: limeh
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: limas
  - Sasak: limas
- Sundanese: limas
Old Javanese: limas
⇒ Palauan: olimet (“bailer”)
Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Central Maluku
    - Asilulu: lima
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - Buli (Indonesia): limas
  - Oceanic: *limas, *nimas
    - Admiralty Islands (?)
      - Yapese: niim (“bailer”)
    - Western Oceanic
      - North New Guinea
        Kairiru: lim
        
        Mbula: niimi
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Nehan: limah
        
        Halia: limasa
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic
      - Micronesian
        Kosraean: inihm
        
        Gilbertese: anima
        
        Western Micronesian
        Chuukic
        Chuukese: num
        
        Puluwat: niim
        
        Pohnpeic
        Pohnpeian: liim
        
        Mokilese: lim
      - Central Pacific
        Western Fijian: nima (“be baled out, have water baled out”)
        
        Fijian: nima (“to bale out a canoe”)

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *limas, *nimas.