Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kowa

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *kəpa (“hard”).

Adjective

*kowa

  1. hard

Descendants

  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 強さい (fubasai)
    • Kunigami: 強ーしぇん (fupāshen)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 強さり (xohasari)
    • Okinawan: 強さん (kufasan)
    • Okinoerabu: 強さん (fāsan)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 強ーさむっ (kwahāsam)
    • Tokunoshima: 強ーい (kwāi)
    • Yoron: 強さん (fupasan)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 強 (kupa)
    • Yaeyama: 強さん (kōsan)
    • Yonaguni: 強ん (kwan), 強ーん (kwān)

References

  • Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎[1], Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, pages 293-294
  • Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 833
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