Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/batūl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Probably connected to Arabic [script needed] (btl, “to cut off, to severe”) and Amharic ባተለ (battälä, “to work alone, without any helper”).

Noun

*batūl-

virgin
young woman

Inflection

Declension of *batūl-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*batūlum	*batūlāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*batūlam	*batūlayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*batūlim	*batūlayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	batūlī / batūlVya	—	*batūlVni
2^nd person m	*batūlVka	batūlVkumā / batūlVkumay	*batūlVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*batūlVki	batūlVkumā / batūlVkumay	*batūlVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*batūlVšu	batūlVšumā / batūlVšumay	*batūlVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*batūlVša	batūlVšumā / batūlVšumay	*batūlVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *batūluya for nom. case, *batūliya for gen. case, *batūlaya for acc. case, etc.

Derived terms

*batūl(-at)-

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: [script needed] f (batūlu)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بَتُول f (batūl)
    - → Turkish: Betül (a female given name)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: בתולתא f (bəṯūltā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܒܬܘܠܐ
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: בְּתוּלָה f (betulá)
        → Yiddish: בְּתוּלָה (psule)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎚𐎍𐎚 f (batūlatu)

References

Fox, Joshua (2003) Semitic Noun Patterns (Harvard Semitic Studies; 52), 1st edition, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, →ISBN, page 85
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag