Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/tall-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *tül- (“hill”). Probably cognate with Egyptian twꜣ (“to lift, raise”), Tamasheq teweltewel (“to swell up”), Hausa tulluwaa (“top of the hill”), Oromo tulluu.

Noun

*tall- m

  1. hill

Inflection

Declension of *tall-
case singular dual plural
nominative *tallum *tallāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *tallam *tallayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *tallim
possessive forms
1st person *tallī / *tallVya — *tallVni
2nd person m *tallVka *tallVkumā / *tallVkumay *tallVkum(ū)
2nd person f *tallVki *tallVkin(ā)
3rd person m *tallVšu *tallVšumā / *tallVšumay *tallVšum(ū)
3rd person f *tallVša *tallVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *talluya for nom. case, *talliya for gen. case, *tallaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒇯 (tīlum, tillum)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: تَلّ (tall)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Old Aramaic: 𐤕𐤋
          Imperial Aramaic: 𐡕𐡋 (tl)
          Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic תִּלָּא, תִּילָּא (tillā)
          Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܬܷ݁ܠܴ݁ܐ
          • Classical Syriac: ܬܠܐ (tellā)
        • Canaanite:
        • Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎍 (tl /⁠tallu⁠/)

References

  • “tl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎[1], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 108
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