Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/(r)-məŋ ~ (r)-mək

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *(r-)mɑŋ~(r-)mɑːŋ (Chou, 1972); *mjəng (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k), *r/s-maŋ ⪤ mak (Matisoff, STEDT); *maŋ (Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986); *maŋ, *r-maŋ (Weidert, 1987); *r-maŋ (LaPolla, 1987); *(r-)maŋ (Michailovsky, 1991)

Verb

*(r)-məŋ ~ (r)-mək

to dream

Noun

*(r)-məŋ ~ (r)-mək

dream

Descendants

Old Chinese: 夢 / 梦 (*C.məŋ-s (B-S); *mɯŋs (ZS), “to dream”)
- Middle Chinese: 夢 / 梦 (mɨuŋH)
  → Japanese: 夢 (む, mu)
  Korean: 몽 (夢, mong)
  Vietnamese: mộng (夢)
  - Modern Mandarin
    - Beijing: 夢 / 梦 (mèng, /mɤŋ⁵¹/)
  - Cantonese
    - Guangzhou: 夢 / 梦 /mʊŋ²²/
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: *རྨང (rmang, “dream”) (> རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “(archaic) dream”))
  - Tamangic
    *ᴬmaŋ, ᴮmaŋ (“(to) dream”) (Mazaudon, 1994)
- Mahakiranti
  - Kiranti
    /*maŋ/ ("to dream") (Michailovksy, 1991)
Lolo-Burmese: *s-mak ⪤ s-maŋ (“dream”) (Matisoff, 1972); *s-makᴴ (“dream”) (Matisoff, 2003)
- Burmish
  - Burmic
  - Burmese: မက် (mak), အိပ်မက် (ipmak, “dream”), မှင် (hmang, “dream (in compounds); composure, poise”) (> မှင်တက်မိ (hmangtakmi.), မှင်မောင်း (hmangmaung:), မှင်သေ (hmangse))
  - Maruic
    - Pela: ja̠p⁵⁵ maʔ⁵⁵
- Proto-Loloish: *C-makᴴ (“dream”) (Bradley, 1979)
  - Northern Loloish
    - Yi (Liangshan): ꂻ (muo, “to dream”)
  - Central Loloish
    - Lisu (Southern): ꓟꓬꓺ (mjɑ̱, “dream”)
Boro-Garo
- Bodo
  - Bodo (India): सिमां (simaŋ, “dream”)
  - Garo: jumang (“dream”)
  - Kokborok: imang (“dream”)
Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho: mang, yupmang (“dream”)
Proto-Northern Naga: *maŋ (“dream”) (French, 1983)
Proto-Kuki-Chin: *maŋ (“dream”) (VanBik, 2009)
- Central Chin
  - Mizo: mang (“dream”)
Proto-Central Naga: *maŋ (“dream”)
Proto-Tangkhulic: *maŋ (“dream”) (Mortensen, 2012)
Proto-Karen: *maŋᴮ (“dream”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: မံမီၢ် (mee maw̱, “to dream”), တၢ်မံမီၢ် (ta̱ mee maw̱, “dream”)
- Western Pwo: မံၫမးဆၧ (“to dream”), ဆၧမံၫမး (“dream”)
- Western Kayah: ꤥ꤬ꤗꤛꤢꤩ꤭ꤗꤟꤛꤢ (òmyēmhya, “to dream”), ꤒꤟꤢꤧ꤬ꤥ꤬ꤗꤛꤢꤩ꤭ꤗꤟꤛꤢ (tà̤e’òmyēmhya, “dream”)
Baic
- Bai: met, ment (“to dream”)

See also

*rV-mi(k) (“to sleep, to dream”)
*s-mun (“dark, dim”), *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“dark, dull, misty”) - from which this etymon is derived
*s-jip ~ s-jup (“to sleep”) - often forms a compound with this root