Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kuʔ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstructions

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kəw ~ gəw (Chou, 1972); *gjəɣw ~ k(h)jəɣw (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *kuw (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987); *gəw-n ⪤ *kəw-n (Matisoff, 2003); *(g/k)əw-n (STEDT)

Noun

*kuʔ

  1. maternal uncle
  2. older brother

Reconstruction notes

The *g encountered in Chinese can be explained by the absorption of a prefix.[1] Similar lines of reasoning can also account for the *g in Naish.

Descendants

  • Chinese: 舅 (OC *[ɡ](r)uʔ (B-S), “maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Bodish:
  • Lolo-Burmese
  • Naic
    • Proto-Naish: *Cgu
      • Naxi: eqggv
      • Narua: avu
      • Laze: [Term?] (/⁠æ˧v̩˥⁠/)
  • rGyalrongic
    • West rGyalrongic
      • Horpa
        • ⇒ Tangut: 𗵏𘕳 (*bju¹ kụ², “brothers”)[2]
    • rGyalrong
      • Situ: (Brag-bar) akû[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 81 of 73–92
  2. ^ Zhang, Shuya, Lai, Yunfan (2025) “New origins to vowel tensing in Tangut: internal and comparative evidence”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, →DOI, →ISSN, page 12
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