Reconstruction:Proto-Siouan/wąthó

This Proto-Siouan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Siouan

Etymology

According to Guillaume Jacques (2012), this word was borrowed from Proto-Algonquian *maθkwa (“bear”).[1]

The Ohio Valley Siouan cognates are quite irregular in their development, showing many unpredictable sound changes, such as the raising and backing from *ą to ų, the shifting of the stress from the last to the penultimate syllable, the presence of vowel length, the aspirated th, and the change from *o to i. This may be due to a contamination with Proto-Siouan *wi-hų́te (“(black) bear”).[2]

Noun

*wąthó

  1. black bear
  2. grizzly

Descendants

  • Pre-Mandan:
    • Mandan: wątóʔ
  • Proto-Mississippi-Valley: *mąthó
    • Proto-Dakota: *mąthó
    • Proto-Chiwere-Winnebago: *mąthó
      • Chiwere: mąthó
      • Winnebago: mąčó
    • Proto-Dhegiha: *mąthó
      • Omaha-Ponca: mąčhó (“bear”), mąthó (“grizzly”)
      • Kansa: mičhó
      • Osage: mįchó
      • Quapaw: mąthó, mąčhó
    • Proto-Ohio-Valley: *mų́•thi
      • Proto-Biloxi-Ofo:
        • Ofo: ų́•thi
      • Tutelo: hamų́•thih

Synonyms

Notes

  1. ^ Guillaume Jacques (2012) “A Siouan-Algonquian Wanderwort: the name of the bear”, in Amerindia, volume 36, pages 183-189
  2. ^ Oliverio, Giulia R. M., Rankin, Robert L. (2003) “On the Sub-grouping of the Virginia Siouan Languages”, in Blair A. Rudes and David J. Costa, editors, Essays in Algonquian, Catawban, and Siouan Linguistics in Memory of Frank T. Siebert, Jr., Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, pages 165-180

References

  • Rankin, Robert L., Carter, Richard T., Jones, A. Wesley, Koontz, John E., Rood, David S., Hartmann, Iren, editors (2015), Comparative Siouan Dictionary‎[1], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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