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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirst(w)os, from Proto-Indo-European *krt-two-. Cognate with Lithuanian kir̃stas (“sharp, harsh”).
Adjective
*čь̑rstvъ[1][2]
- firm
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstvъ
|
*čьrstva
|
*čьrstvo
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstva
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstva
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvu
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvu
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstvъ
|
*čьrstvǫ
|
*čьrstvo
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvomь
|
*čьrstvojǫ
|
*čьrstvomь
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvě
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstve
|
*čьrstvo
|
*čьrstvo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstva
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvě
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstvu
|
*čьrstvu
|
*čьrstvu
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvoma
|
*čьrstvama
|
*čьrstvoma
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstva
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvě
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvoma
|
*čьrstvama
|
*čьrstvoma
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvu
|
*čьrstvu
|
*čьrstvu
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstva
|
*čьrstvě
|
*čьrstvě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstvi
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstva
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstvъ
|
*čьrstvъ
|
*čьrstvъ
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvomъ
|
*čьrstvamъ
|
*čьrstvomъ
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstva
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstvami
|
*čьrstvy
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvěxъ
|
*čьrstvaxъ
|
*čьrstvěxъ
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstvi
|
*čьrstvy
|
*čьrstva
|
Definite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstvъjь
|
*čьrstvaja
|
*čьrstvoje
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstvajego
|
*čьrstvyję̇
|
*čьrstvajego
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvujemu
|
*čьrstvěji
|
*čьrstvujemu
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstvъjь
|
*čьrstvǫjǫ
|
*čьrstvoje
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvyjimь
|
*čьrstvǫjǫ
|
*čьrstvyjimь
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvějemь
|
*čьrstvěji
|
*čьrstvějemь
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstvъjь
|
*čьrstvaja
|
*čьrstvoje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstvaja
|
*čьrstvěji
|
*čьrstvěji
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstvuju
|
*čьrstvuju
|
*čьrstvuju
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstvaja
|
*čьrstvěji
|
*čьrstvěji
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
*čьrstvyjima
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvuju
|
*čьrstvuju
|
*čьrstvuju
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstvaja
|
*čьrstvěji
|
*čьrstvěji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*čьrstviji
|
*čьrstvyję̇
|
*čьrstvaja
|
| genitive
|
*čьrstvъjixъ
|
*čьrstvъjixъ
|
*čьrstvъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*čьrstvyjimъ
|
*čьrstvyjimъ
|
*čьrstvyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*čьrstvyję̇
|
*čьrstvyję̇
|
*čьrstvaja
|
| instrumental
|
*čьrstvyjimi
|
*čьrstvyjimi
|
*čьrstvyjimi
|
| locative
|
*čьrstvyjixъ
|
*čьrstvyjixъ
|
*čьrstvyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*čьrstviji
|
*čьrstvyję̇
|
*čьrstvaja
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чьрствъ (čĭrstvŭ)
- Belarusian: чэ́рствы (čérstvy)
- Russian: чёрствый (čórstvyj)
- Ukrainian: черстви́й (čerstvýj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Russian Church Slavonic: чрьствъ (črĭstvŭ), чьрствъ (čĭrstvŭ)
- Bulgarian: чевръ́ст (čevrǎ́st)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: чвр̑ст
- Latin script: čvȓst
- Slovene: čvrst
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чёрствый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čь̑rstvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (c) ‘firm’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “čьrstvъ čьrstva čьrstvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c fast, hård (PR 138)”