Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čeľadь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keljāˀdis, of uncertain origin. Main interpretations include:
- Primarily meaning “cluster, group of relatives/associates”, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *skulō (“multitude”), possibly Sanskrit कुल (kúlam, “family, kin, community, caste”).
- Generalized from an earlier meaning “establishment, formation”, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, to lift”).
Likely akin to Lithuanian kilti̇̀s (“kin”), kilmė̃ (“origin”).
In the past, has been further compared with Irish clann (“offspring”) (whence English clan), which nowadays is generally considered a Cymric loanword of Latin origin, ultimately from unrelated Latin planta (“sprout”).
Noun
*čȅľadь f[1]
- hird, household
- Synonyms: *domakynьstvo, *sěmь
- (collective) children, offsprings
- Synonyms: *domočędьje, (as a phrase) *děti vъ sěmi
- (collective) servants, domestic workers
- Synonym: *prisluga
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čeľadь | *čeľadi | *čeľadi |
| genitive | *čeľadi | *čeľadьju, *čeľaďu* | *čeľadьjь, *čeľadi* |
| dative | *čeľadi | *čeľadьma | *čeľadьmъ |
| accusative | *čeľadь | *čeľadi | *čeľadi |
| instrumental | *čeľadьjǫ, *čeľaďǫ* | *čeľadьma | *čeľadьmi |
| locative | *čeľadi | *čeľadьju, *čeľaďu* | *čeľadьxъ |
| vocative | *čeľadi | *čeľadi | *čeľadi |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *čeľadinъ m, *čeľadina f (“servant”)
- *čeľadę (“pal, guy”)
- *čeľadъka (“married woman”)
- *čeľadьnъ (“having children”)
- *čeľadьnikъ (“married man”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čel'adь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 40
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “че́лядь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “kiltis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “člóvek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “prvi člen je soroden s pslovan. *čȅl'adь”