Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    From earlier *-ьka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂.

    Suffix

    *-ьca ?

    1. Denominal, forms diminutives.
      *myšь (“mouse”) → *myšьca (“a small mouse; muscle”)
      *vьrvь (“rope”) → *vьrvьca (“cord, string”)
    2. Deverbal (from the stem), forms agent nouns.
      *ubiti (“to kill”) → *ubьjьca (“killer”)
      *ědti > *ěsti (“to eat”) → *ědьca (“eater”)
    3. Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from.
      *ovьca (“sheep”)

    Declension

    Declension of *-ьca (soft a-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-ьca *-ьci *-ьcę̇
    genitive *-ьcę̇ *-ьcu *-ьcь
    dative *-ьci *-ьcama *-ьcamъ
    accusative *-ьcǫ *-ьci *-ьcę̇
    instrumental *-ьcejǫ, *-ьcǫ** *-ьcama *-ьcami
    locative *-ьci *-ьcu *-ьcasъ, *-ьcaxъ*
    vocative *-ьce *-ьci *-ьcę̇

    * -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
    ** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Derived terms

    Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьca
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dětьca
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ovьca

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: -ьца (-ĭca)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Cyrillic: -ьца (-ĭca)
        Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⰰ (-ĭca)
      • Bulgarian: -ца́ (-cá)
      • Macedonian: -ца (-ca)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: -ца
        Latin script: -ca
      • Slovene: -ca
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: -ce
      • Old Polish: -ca
      • Slovak: -ca
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: -ca
        • Upper Sorbian: -ca
      • Pomeranian:
        • Kashubian: -ca
        • Slovincian: -ca


    Further reading

    • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
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