Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kai-w-aʔ, *śai-w-aʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w- (Derksen) or *(s)koywā, from *skey- (ЭССЯ).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šaivà (“spool”), šeivà (“spool, forearm, shin(-bone)”), Latvian saĩva, saĩve (“bobbin”). Further cognates include Sanskrit अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shin”) and Proto-Germanic *skinō (“plate, rim”). Cf. also Estonian kääv (“spool”).

Noun

*cě̄và m^[1]^[2]

shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool

Inflection

Declension of *cě̄và (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cě̄và	*cě̃vě	*cě̄vỳ
genitive	*cě̄vỳ	*cě̄vù	*cě̃vъ
dative	*cě̄vě̀	*cě̄vàma	*cě̄vàmъ
accusative	*cě̄vǫ̀	*cě̃vě	*cě̄vỳ
instrumental	cě̄vòjǫ, cě̃vǫ^**	*cě̄vàma	*cě̄vàmī
locative	*cě̄vě̀	*cě̄vù	cě̄vàsъ, cě̄vàxъ^*
vocative	*cěvo	*cě̃vě	*cě̄vỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*cěvina
*cěvьje
*cěvьnъ
- *cěvьnica (“reed, flute”)
- *cěvьnikъ
*cěvъka

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: dial. че́ва (čéva)
- Ukrainian: ці́ва (cíva)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: цѣва́ (cěvá), dial. ца́ва (cáva), це́ва (céva)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: цива
  
  Latin script: civa
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: cěva
  - Czech: céva
- Polish: cewa
- Slovak: cieva
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: cywa
  - Lower Sorbian: cewa, cowa

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*cě̄và”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76: “f. ā (b) ‘shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “cěva cěvy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b pipe, bobbin (NA 92, 141; SA 20)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*cě̄và”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76: “f. ā (b) ‘shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “cěva cěvy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b pipe, bobbin (NA 92, 141; SA 20)”

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