Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gǫsь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”),[1] though the exact path is disputed. Two theories:
- From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gansís (the presence of *-s- at the root blocks satemization), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.[2][3]
- A direct inheritance from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gansís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns, citing the accentuation matching (i-stem with mobile accentuation) with that of the Baltic equivalent as well as the formal match between *gǫserъ (“gander”) with Latin ānser.[4]
- Alternatively, borrowed from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*gans) (due to its apparent "centum" character), from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.
Noun
*gǫ̑sь f[1]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gǫ̑sь | *gǫ̑si | *gǫ̑si |
| genitive | *gǫsí | *gǫsьjù, *gǫšu* | *gǫsь̀jь |
| dative | *gǫ̑si | *gǫsьmà | *gǫ̑sьmъ |
| accusative | *gǫ̑sь | *gǫ̑si | *gǫ̑si |
| instrumental | *gǫsьjǫ́ | *gǫsьmà | *gǫsьmì |
| locative | *gǫsí | *gǫsьjù, *gǫšu* | *gǫ̑sьxъ |
| vocative | *gǫsi | *gǫ̑si | *gǫ̑si |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гусь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “gǫsь gǫsi”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “m. c (SA 25; PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “gọ̑s”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gǫ̑sь”
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gǫ̑sь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184: “f. i (c) ‘goose’”
- ^ Meillet, Antoine (1924) Le slave commun, Paris: Champion
- ^ Živlóv, M. A. (2016) “Review of S. Pronk-Tiethoff «The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic»”, in Journal of Language Relationship[1] (in Russian), volume 14/1, Moscow: Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian State University for the Humanities, Gorgias Press, page 67:
- Отсутствие «сатемного» рефлекса в славянском при его наличии в балтийском было объяснено еще А. Мейе: в славянском (в отличие от балтийского) в словах, содержащих сибилянт *s, не наблюдается результатов перехода ПИЕ *ḱ > *s и *ǵ, ǵʰ > *z. Правило Мейе не было опровергнуто позднейшими исследователями — оно было просто забыто. [The absence of a “satem” reflex in the Slavic, when present in the Baltic, was explained by A. Meillet: in the Slavic (unlike the Baltic) words containing the sibilant *s, the results of the PIE *ḱ > *s and *ǵ, ǵʰ > *z transition are not observed. Meillet’s rule was not refuted by later researchers — it was simply forgotten.]
- Otsutstvije «satemnovo» refleksa v slavjanskom pri jevo naličii v baltijskom bylo obʺjasneno ješče A. Mejje: v slavjanskom (v otličije ot baltijskovo) v slovax, soderžaščix sibiljant *s, ne nabljudajetsja rezulʹtatov perexoda PIJe *ḱ > *s i *ǵ, ǵʰ > *z. Pravilo Mejje ne bylo oprovergnuto pozdnejšimi issledovateljami — ono bylo prosto zabyto. [The absence of a “satem” reflex in the Slavic, when present in the Baltic, was explained by A. Meillet: in the Slavic (unlike the Baltic) words containing the sibilant *s, the results of the PIE *ḱ > *s and *ǵ, ǵʰ > *z transition are not observed. Meillet’s rule was not refuted by later researchers — it was simply forgotten.]
- ^ Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic[2], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 193
Etymology 2
From *gǫ̑sь (“goose”) + *-ьjь.[1]
Adjective
- (relational) goose
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gǫsь | *gǫsa | *gǫse |
| genitive | *gǫsa | *gǫsę̇ | *gǫsa |
| dative | *gǫsu | *gǫsi | *gǫsu |
| accusative | *gǫsь | *gǫsǫ | *gǫse |
| instrumental | *gǫsemь | *gǫsejǫ | *gǫsemь |
| locative | *gǫsi | *gǫsi | *gǫsi |
| vocative | *gǫsu | *gǫse | *gǫse |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gǫsa | *gǫsi | *gǫsi |
| genitive | *gǫsu | *gǫsu | *gǫsu |
| dative | *gǫsema | *gǫsama | *gǫsema |
| accusative | *gǫsa | *gǫsi | *gǫsi |
| instrumental | *gǫsema | *gǫsama | *gǫsema |
| locative | *gǫsu | *gǫsu | *gǫsu |
| vocative | *gǫsa | *gǫsi | *gǫsi |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gǫsi | *gǫsę̇ | *gǫsa |
| genitive | *gǫsь | *gǫsь | *gǫsь |
| dative | *gǫsemъ | *gǫsamъ | *gǫsemъ |
| accusative | *gǫsę̇ | *gǫsę̇ | *gǫsa |
| instrumental | *gǫsi | *gǫsami | *gǫsi |
| locative | *gǫsixъ | *gǫsaxъ | *gǫsixъ |
| vocative | *gǫsi | *gǫsę̇ | *gǫsa |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gǫsьjь | *gǫsaja | *gǫseje |
| genitive | *gǫsajego | *gǫsę̇ję̇ | *gǫsajego |
| dative | *gǫsujemu | *gǫsiji | *gǫsujemu |
| accusative | *gǫsьjь | *gǫsǫjǫ | *gǫseje |
| instrumental | *gǫsijimь | *gǫsǫjǫ | *gǫsijimь |
| locative | *gǫsijemь | *gǫsiji | *gǫsijemь |
| vocative | *gǫsьjь | *gǫsaja | *gǫseje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gǫsaja | *gǫsiji | *gǫsiji |
| genitive | *gǫsuju | *gǫsuju | *gǫsuju |
| dative | *gǫsijima | *gǫsijima | *gǫsijima |
| accusative | *gǫsaja | *gǫsiji | *gǫsiji |
| instrumental | *gǫsijima | *gǫsijima | *gǫsijima |
| locative | *gǫsuju | *gǫsuju | *gǫsuju |
| vocative | *gǫsaja | *gǫsiji | *gǫsiji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gǫsiji | *gǫsę̇ję̇ | *gǫsaja |
| genitive | *gǫsьjixъ | *gǫsьjixъ | *gǫsьjixъ |
| dative | *gǫsijimъ | *gǫsijimъ | *gǫsijimъ |
| accusative | *gǫsę̇ję̇ | *gǫsę̇ję̇ | *gǫsaja |
| instrumental | *gǫsijimi | *gǫsijimi | *gǫsijimi |
| locative | *gǫsijixъ | *gǫsijixъ | *gǫsijixъ |
| vocative | *gǫsiji | *gǫsę̇ję̇ | *gǫsaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *гѫсь (*gǫsĭ)
- Old Ruthenian: гу́сїй (húsij)
- Ukrainian: гу́сій (húsij)
- Old Ruthenian: гу́сїй (húsij)
- Old East Slavic: *гѫсь (*gǫsĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гъ́ши (gǎ́ši)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: гу̏сјӣ, гу̏сијӣ
- Latin script: gȕsjī, gȕsijī
- Slovene: gȏsji (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gǫsьjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 89
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gǫsьjь”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 173