Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnězdo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian li̇̀zdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor. Matasović proposes a regular sound change in Proto-Slavic that adds prosthetic *g- on words beginning with *ně-.[1]

Noun

*gně̄zdò n[2][3]

  1. nest

Inflection

Declension of *gně̄zdò (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *gně̄zdò *gně̃zdě *gně̄zdà
genitive *gně̄zdà *gně̄zdù *gně̃zdъ
dative *gně̄zdù *gně̄zdòma *gně̄zdòmъ
accusative *gně̄zdò *gně̃zdě *gně̄zdà
instrumental *gně̄zdъ̀mь, *gně̄zdòmь* *gně̄zdòma *gně̃zdy
locative *gně̄zdě̀ *gně̄zdù *gně̃zděxъ
vocative *gně̄zdò *gně̃zdě *gně̄zdà

* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)
      Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо
      Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo
      • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: gńīzdȍ, gnjīzlȍ
      • Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: gnīēzdȅ
      • (Kosmet) gnjȇzdo
      • (Banat) gnjizdo
      • (Istria, Croatian Littoral) njāzlȍ
      • (Burgenland Croatian) gnjazdo
      • (Cres) njezlo
    • Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнездо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnězdo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 171
  • Skok, Petar (1971) “Proto-Slavic/gnězdo”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 576
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “гніздо”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

References

  1. ^ Ranko: Prosthetic g- before ně- in Proto-Slavic, Filologija 82., 2024
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gně̄zdò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “n. o (b) ‘nest’”
  3. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gnězdo, pl. gnězda / gnězda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b feather (NA 105; SA 156; PR 135)”
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