Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьgra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *ígrā˙,^[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”), and cognate with Sanskrit एजति (éjati, “to move, stir”), Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís, “aegis shield”). However, the lack of lengthening of the *í in the Proto-Balto-Slavic form is formally concerning due to conflict with Winter's law.^[2]

Noun

*jьgrà f^[2]^[3]

play, game

Inflection

Declension of *jьgrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jьgrà	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ
genitive	*jьgrỳ	*jьgrù	*jь̀grъ
dative	*jьgrě̀	*jьgràma	*jьgràmъ
accusative	*jьgrǫ̀	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ
instrumental	jьgròjǫ, jь̀grǫ^**	*jьgràma	*jьgràmī
locative	*jьgrě̀	*jьgrù	jьgràsъ, jьgràxъ^*
vocative	*jьgro	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

*jьgrь

Derived terms

*jьgrati (“to play”)
- *jьgračь (“player”)
- *jьgrišče, *jьgrisko (“playing field”)
- *jьgrivъ
- *jьgrьcь (“jester, fool”)
*jьgrica

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: игра (igra)
  - Belarusian: ігра́ (ihrá)
  - Russian: игра́ (igrá)
  - Middle Ukrainian: игра (yhra), ыгра (yhra)
    - Ukrainian: гра (hra) (plural: і́гри (íhry)), ігра (ihra), игра (yhra) (old orthography)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: игрь (igrĭ)
- Bulgarian: игра́ (igrá)
- Macedonian: игра (igra)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ѝгра
  
  Latin script: ìgra
- Slovene: ȋgra (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jhra
  - Czech: hra
- Kashubian: jigra
- Polabian: *jågră
- Old Polish: igra
  - Polish: gra, igra
- Slovak: hra, ihra
- Slovincian: gra
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: jhra, hra
  - Lower Sorbian: gra, igra

References

^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 67
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jьgra; *jьgrь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘play, game’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “jьgra jьgry”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b spil (PR 135)”

[1] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 67

[EDSIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jьgra; *jьgrь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘play, game’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “jьgra jьgry”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b spil (PR 135)”

[1]

[2]

[3]