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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *kaznь + *-iti.
Verb
*kazniti
- to punish
Inflection
Conjugation of *kazniti, *kazni, *kaznitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
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Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kazňenьje
|
*kazniti
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*kaznitъ
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*kaznilъ
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Participles
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| Tense
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Past
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Present
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| Passive
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*kazňenъ
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*kaznimъ
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| Active
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*kazňь
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*kaznę
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|
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Aorist
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Present
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| Person
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1st
|
2nd
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3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
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| Singular
|
*kaznixъ |
*kazni |
*kazni
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*kazňǫ |
*kazniši |
*kaznitь
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| Dual
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*kaznixově |
*kaznista |
*kazniste
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*kaznivě |
*kaznita |
*kaznite
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| Plural
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*kaznixomъ |
*kazniste |
*kaznišę
|
*kaznimъ |
*kaznite |
*kaznętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
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Imperative
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| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
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| Singular
|
*kazňaaxъ |
*kazňaaše |
*kazňaaše
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— |
*kazni |
*kazni
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| Dual
|
*kazňaaxově |
*kazňaašeta |
*kazňaašete
|
*kaznivě |
*kaznita |
—
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| Plural
|
*kazňaaxomъ |
*kazňaašete |
*kazňaaxǫ
|
*kaznimъ |
*kaznite |
—
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Notes: - (*)*kaznivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: казнити (kazniti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ка̏знити
- Latin script: kȁzniti
- Slovene: kazníti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic
- Czech: káznit
- Old Polish: kaźnić
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “казни́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress