Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krupa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kraupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krowp-eh₂, from *krewp-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian kr̨aũpa (“wart”). Indo-European cognates include Icelandic hrýfi (“scabies”).

Noun

*krūpà f^[1]^[2]

grainy substance, groats, hail

Inflection

Declension of *krūpà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krūpà	*krũpě	*krūpỳ
genitive	*krūpỳ	*krūpù	*krũpъ
dative	*krūpě̀	*krūpàma	*krūpàmъ
accusative	*krūpǫ̀	*krũpě	*krūpỳ
instrumental	krūpòjǫ, krũpǫ^**	*krūpàma	*krūpàmī
locative	*krūpě̀	*krūpù	krūpàsъ, krūpàxъ^*
vocative	*krupo	*krũpě	*krūpỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*krupьnъ (“coarse”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: крупа́ (krupá)
  - Russenorsk: gropa
- Ukrainian: крупа (krupa)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: крупа (krupa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: кру́па
  
  Latin script: krúpa
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): krũpa
  - Chakavian (Novi): krūpȁ
- Slovene: krúpa (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: krúpa
  - Czech: kroupa
    - Moravian (Mistřice): krúpa
- Polish: krupy
- Slovak: krúpy
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kšupa
  - Upper Sorbian: krupa

Non-Slavic descendants:

→ Middle High German: grūpe (probably via Sorbian and/or Polish)
- German: Graupe

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krūpà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252: “f. ā (b) ‘grainy substance, groats, hail’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “krupa krupy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b groats, grain, hail stone (NA 90f., 141; SA 20; PR 135)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krūpà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252: “f. ā (b) ‘grainy substance, groats, hail’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “krupa krupy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b groats, grain, hail stone (NA 90f., 141; SA 20; PR 135)”

[1]

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