Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mękъkъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkus (u-stem), from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead”), which may be a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“to trample, rumple”) (for which see Proto-Balto-Slavic *mínˀtei (“to trample”)).[1] Equivalent to Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkas + *-ъkъ.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mi̇̀nkštas (“soft”), Latvian mîksts (“soft”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to mix”), as well as perhaps Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).
Adjective
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mękъkъ | *mękъka | *mękъko |
| genitive | *mękъka | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| dative | *mękъku | *mękъcě | *mękъku |
| accusative | *mękъkъ | *mękъkǫ | *mękъko |
| instrumental | *mękъkomь | *mękъkojǫ | *mękъkomь |
| locative | *mękъcě | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| vocative | *mękъče | *mękъko | *mękъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| genitive | *mękъku | *mękъku | *mękъku |
| dative | *mękъkoma | *mękъkama | *mękъkoma |
| accusative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| instrumental | *mękъkoma | *mękъkama | *mękъkoma |
| locative | *mękъku | *mękъku | *mękъku |
| vocative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mękъci | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| genitive | *mękъkъ | *mękъkъ | *mękъkъ |
| dative | *mękъkomъ | *mękъkamъ | *mękъkomъ |
| accusative | *mękъky | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| instrumental | *mękъky | *mękъkami | *mękъky |
| locative | *mękъcěxъ | *mękъkaxъ | *mękъcěxъ |
| vocative | *mękъci | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkaja | *mękъkoje |
| genitive | *mękъkajego | *mękъkyję̇ | *mękъkajego |
| dative | *mękъkujemu | *mękъcěji | *mękъkujemu |
| accusative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkǫjǫ | *mękъkoje |
| instrumental | *mękъkyjimь | *mękъkǫjǫ | *mękъkyjimь |
| locative | *mękъcějemь | *mękъcěji | *mękъcějemь |
| vocative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkaja | *mękъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| genitive | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju |
| dative | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima |
| accusative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| instrumental | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima |
| locative | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju |
| vocative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mękъciji | *mękъkyję̇ | *mękъkaja |
| genitive | *mękъkъjixъ | *mękъkъjixъ | *mękъkъjixъ |
| dative | *mękъkyjimъ | *mękъkyjimъ | *mękъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *mękъkyję̇ | *mękъkyję̇ | *mękъkaja |
| instrumental | *mękъkyjimi | *mękъkyjimi | *mękъkyjimi |
| locative | *mękъkyjixъ | *mękъkyjixъ | *mękъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *mękъciji | *mękъkyję̇ | *mękъkaja |
Derived terms
- *mękъčati, *mękъčiti (causative-iterative verbs)
- *mękъkoba, *mękъkostь, *mękъkota (abstract nouns)
- *mękъkavъ (secondary adjective)
Related terms
- *męknǫti (“to become soft”)
- *męčь (“ball, blob”)
- *mǫčiti (“to torment, torture”)
- *mǫka (“torment, torture”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “minkštas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mę̏kъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314: “adj. o (c) ‘soft’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “męk(ъkъ)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blød (PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “mehek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *mę̑kъkъ”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мягкий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “мягкий”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 552
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*mękъkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 248