|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From *měna (“change, exchange”) + *-iti.
Verb
*měnìti[1][2]
- to change, to exchange
Inflection
Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *měňenьje
|
*měniti
|
*měnitъ
|
*měnilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*měňenъ
|
*měnimъ
|
| Active
|
*měňь
|
*měnę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*měnixъ |
*měni |
*měni
|
*měňǫ |
*měniši |
*měnitь
|
| Dual
|
*měnixově |
*měnista |
*měniste
|
*měnivě |
*měnita |
*měnite
|
| Plural
|
*měnixomъ |
*měniste |
*měnišę
|
*měnimъ |
*měnite |
*měnętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*měňaaxъ |
*měňaaše |
*měňaaše
|
— |
*měni |
*měni
|
| Dual
|
*měňaaxově |
*měňaašeta |
*měňaašete
|
*měnivě |
*měnita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*měňaaxomъ |
*měňaašete |
*měňaaxǫ
|
*měnimъ |
*měnite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
- *měna (“change, exchange”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti, “to exchange”) (15th century)
- Belarusian: менитися (mjenitisja) (obsolete)
- Russian: мени́ть (menítʹ) (dialectal); -мени́ть (-menítʹ)
- Ukrainian: міни́ти (minýty) (rare)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: мѣнитъ (měnitŭ, 3sg. pres.)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: меня́ (menjá)
- Macedonian: мени (meni)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ме́нити, мијѐнити
- Latin script: méniti, mijèniti
- Slovene: menīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: měniti
- Old Polish: mienić
- Slovak: meniť sa
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: mienic
- Slovincian: mjênic
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: měnić
- Lower Sorbian: měniś
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “ме́на”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 522
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “меня́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*mei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 426
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173
Etymology 2
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, to think”) (whence German meinen (“to mean”), English mean, etc.), Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”). Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *meyn-. Per Derksen, quoting Kluge-Seebold,[3] possibly related to *měniti (“to change”), with an original meaning "to consequentively present one's meaning".
Verb
*měnìti[4][5]
- to think
Inflection
Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *měňenьje
|
*měniti
|
*měnitъ
|
*měnilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*měňenъ
|
*měnimъ
|
| Active
|
*měňь
|
*měnę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*měnixъ |
*měni |
*měni
|
*měňǫ |
*měniši |
*měnitь
|
| Dual
|
*měnixově |
*měnista |
*měniste
|
*měnivě |
*měnita |
*měnite
|
| Plural
|
*měnixomъ |
*měniste |
*měnišę
|
*měnimъ |
*měnite |
*měnętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*měňaaxъ |
*měňaaše |
*měňaaše
|
— |
*měni |
*měni
|
| Dual
|
*měňaaxově |
*měňaašeta |
*měňaašete
|
*měnivě |
*měnita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*měňaaxomъ |
*měňaašete |
*měňaaxǫ
|
*měnimъ |
*měnite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti) (12th–13th century)
- Ukrainian: м'іни́ти (mʺinýty) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: поміни́ти (pominýty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: мѣнити (měniti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ме́нити, мијѐнити (regional)
- Latin: méniti, mijèniti (regional)
- Slovene: menīti, mẹ́niti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: mieniti
- Polish: mienić
- Slovak: mieniť
- Slovincian: mjìe̯nĭc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: měnić
- Lower Sorbian: mjěniś, měniś
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, pages 174-175
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*měniti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 311: “v. (c) ‘change, exchange’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “měniti: měnjǫ měnitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blande (PR 140)”
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1995) “Proto-Slavic/měniti”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 23rd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 551.
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*měniti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312: “v. ‘think’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “menīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*měni̋ti”