Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/malъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mṓˀlas, from a Proto-Indo-European root reconstructed either as *(s)meh₁l- (“small (animal)”) or as *(s)mel- (“false, evil”); Derksen implicitly favors the former. For the former root, compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “small cattle, sheep”), Old Irish míl (“(small) animal”), Old Norse smali (“small livestock, sheep”), Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”);[1] for the latter, compare possibly Latin malus (“bad”).
Adjective
*màlъ (comparative *mьňьjь)[1][2][3]
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *malъ | *mala | *malo |
| genitive | *mala | *maly | *mala |
| dative | *malu | *malě | *malu |
| accusative | *malъ | *malǫ | *malo |
| instrumental | *malomь | *malojǫ | *malomь |
| locative | *malě | *malě | *malě |
| vocative | *male | *malo | *malo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| genitive | *malu | *malu | *malu |
| dative | *maloma | *malama | *maloma |
| accusative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| instrumental | *maloma | *malama | *maloma |
| locative | *malu | *malu | *malu |
| vocative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mali | *maly | *mala |
| genitive | *malъ | *malъ | *malъ |
| dative | *malomъ | *malamъ | *malomъ |
| accusative | *maly | *maly | *mala |
| instrumental | *maly | *malami | *maly |
| locative | *malěxъ | *malaxъ | *malěxъ |
| vocative | *mali | *maly | *mala |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *malъjь | *malaja | *maloje |
| genitive | *malajego | *malyję̇ | *malajego |
| dative | *malujemu | *malěji | *malujemu |
| accusative | *malъjь | *malǫjǫ | *maloje |
| instrumental | *malyjimь | *malǫjǫ | *malyjimь |
| locative | *malějemь | *malěji | *malějemь |
| vocative | *malъjь | *malaja | *maloje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| genitive | *maluju | *maluju | *maluju |
| dative | *malyjima | *malyjima | *malyjima |
| accusative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| instrumental | *malyjima | *malyjima | *malyjima |
| locative | *maluju | *maluju | *maluju |
| vocative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *maliji | *malyję̇ | *malaja |
| genitive | *malъjixъ | *malъjixъ | *malъjixъ |
| dative | *malyjimъ | *malyjimъ | *malyjimъ |
| accusative | *malyję̇ | *malyję̇ | *malaja |
| instrumental | *malyjimi | *malyjimi | *malyjimi |
| locative | *malyjixъ | *malyjixъ | *malyjixъ |
| vocative | *maliji | *malyję̇ | *malaja |
Antonyms
Derived terms
Verbs
- *malěti
- *maliti
Abstract nouns
- *maležь
- *maliga
- *malizna
- *malь
- *malьstvo
- *maloňa
- *malostь
- *malota
- *maloxa
- *malyga
- *maľava
- *maľuta
Secondary adjectives
- *malenъ
- *malenъkъ
- *malinъ
- *malьnъ
- *malьznъ
- *malovatъ
- *malovitъ
- *malovъ
- *malъkъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*màlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300: “adj. o (a) ‘small, little’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “malъ mala malo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 107, 188; PR 133; MP 22)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “mali”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *malъ̏ (določna oblika *málъjь)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ма́лый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*malъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 17 (*lъžь – *matješьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “мал¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 662