Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/motyka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mot-. Cognate with Latin mateola (“hoe”), Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk (“mattock, plowshare”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “agricultural device, harrow?”).

Noun

*motỳka f

hoe

Inflection

Declension of *motỳka (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*motỳka	*motycě	*motyky
genitive	*motyky	*motyku	*motykъ
dative	*motycě	*motykama	*motykamъ
accusative	*motykǫ	*motycě	*motyky
instrumental	motykojǫ, motykǫ^**	*motykama	*motykami
locative	*motycě	*motyku	motykasъ, motykaxъ^*
vocative	*motỳko	*motycě	*motyky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: матыка (matyka)
- Russian: моты́га (motýga), моты́ка (motýka) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
  - → Kildin Sami: мотыга (motyga)
- Ukrainian: мотика (motyka)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: мотꙑкꙑ (motyky)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱅⱏⰹⰽⱏⰹ (motyky)
- Bulgarian: моти́ка (motíka)
- Macedonian: мотика (motika)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: мо̀тика
  
  Latin script: mòtika
- Slovene: motika
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: motyka
  - Czech: motyka
    - Moravian (Mistřice): motika
- Old Slovak: motyka
  - Slovak: motyka
  - Pannonian Rusyn: мотика (motika)
- Polish: motyka

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*motỳka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327