Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/palъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *palъ (“thick stick, pillar”) +‎ *-ъka. Compare *palьcь (“thumb”).[1]

Noun

*palъka f

  1. cane, stick

Alternative forms

Inflection

Declension of *palъka (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *palъka *palъcě *palъky
genitive *palъky *palъku *palъkъ
dative *palъcě *palъkama *palъkamъ
accusative *palъkǫ *palъcě *palъky
instrumental *palъkojǫ, *palъkǫ** *palъkama *palъkami
locative *palъcě *palъku *palъkasъ, *palъkaxъ*
vocative *palъko *palъcě *palъky

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: па́лъка (pálŭka)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: палъка (palŭka)
    • Bulgarian: па́лка (pálka); па́лька (pálʹka) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: палка (palka)
    • Old Serbo-Croatian: palka (15ᵗʰ c.)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: pálka; páłka, pálkè, páu̯ka (dialectal)
    • Kashubian: pôłka
    • Old Polish: pałka (15ᵗʰ c.)
      • Polish: pałka; pau̯ka, påu̯ka (dialectal)
    • Old Slovak: pálka

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “840-41”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 840-41

Further reading

  • Varbot, Zh. Zh., editor (2018), “*palъka II / *palъkъ II / *palъky”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 41 (*pala – *pažьnъ(јь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “па́лка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1993), “па́лка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 8 (не́марач – пая́ць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, →ISBN
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