Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/radǫga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Vasmer, the first element more likely derives from *radъ than folk etymology’s *rajь. The second element from *dǫga would be cognate with Lithuanian dangùs (“sky, heaven”).

Noun

*radǫga f

  1. (East Slavic) rainbow
    Synonyms: *dǫga, *tǫča (West Slavic)

Declension

Declension of *radǫga (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *radǫga *radǫdzě *radǫgy
genitive *radǫgy *radǫgu *radǫgъ
dative *radǫdzě *radǫgama *radǫgamъ
accusative *radǫgǫ *radǫdzě *radǫgy
instrumental *radǫgojǫ, *radǫgǫ** *radǫgama *radǫgami
locative *radǫdzě *radǫgu *radǫgasъ, *radǫgaxъ*
vocative *radǫgo *radǫdzě *radǫgy

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: ра́дуга (ráduha); ра́духа (ráduxa), радзіха (radzixa) (dialectal)
    • Russian: ра́дуга (ráduga); ра́йдуга (rájduga), ра́вдуга (rávduga), ра́духа (ráduxa), ра́дута (ráduta) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: ра́йдуга (rájduha); ра́дуга (ráduha), ра́дова (rádova), радуха (raduxa) (dialectal)

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ра́дуга”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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