Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skala

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Substantivized collective noun from *skàliti (“to chop”) +‎ *-а. Perhaps, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ, from a long o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”), akin to Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”), Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”).

Noun

*skàla f[1][2]

  1. (perhaps originally[1]) crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge
  2. rock

Alternative forms

  • *skaľa (yā-stem)

Declension

Declension of *skala (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *skala *skàlě *skàly
genitive *skàly *skàlu *skàlъ
dative *skàlě *skàlama *skàlamъ
accusative *skàlǫ *skàlě *skàly
instrumental *skàlojǫ, *skàlǭ** *skàlama *skàlamī
locative *skàlě *skàlu *skàlasъ, *skàlaxъ*
vocative *skàlo *skàlě *skàly

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

  • *skalica, *skalъka (diminutive)
  • *skalařь, *skalakъ (“stone worker/miner”)
  • *skalistъ (“rocky”)
  • *skalьnъ (“stony, made of rock”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: скала́ (skalá)
    • Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “скала”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “скала”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 718
  • скала in Горох.ua

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “skala¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ska̋la”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “?skala”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (RPT 107)”
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