Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stydъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The meaning was originally "that which makes something freeze, stiffen, contract, cold," see *studъ (“cold, shame”).^[1]

Noun

*stydъ m

shame

Declension

Declension of *stydъ (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stydъ	*styda	*stydi
genitive	*styda	*stydu	*stydъ
dative	*stydu	*stydoma	*stydomъ
accusative	*stydъ	*styda	*stydy
instrumental	stydъmь, stydomь^*	*stydoma	*stydy
locative	*stydě	*stydu	*styděxъ
vocative	*styde	*styda	*stydi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*studiti (“to cool”)
*studъ (“cold, shame”)
*studenъ (“cold”)
*stydnǫti (“to become cold”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *стꙑдъ (*stydŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: стыдъ (styd)
    - Belarusian: стыд (styd) (dialectal)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: стыд (stŷd)
    - Ukrainian: стид (styd)
  - Middle Russian: стыдъ (styd) (16-18ᵗʰ c.)
    - Russian: стыд (styd)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: стꙑдъ (stydŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱏⰺⰴⱏ (stydŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: сти̑д
  
  Latin script: stȋd
  - Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: stȋd
- Slovene: stȋd (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: styd
- Kashubian: wstid; stid (rare)
- Polish: wstyd
  - → Old Ruthenian: встыдъ (vstyd), усты́дъ (ustýd)
    - Ukrainian: встид (vstyd), усти́д (ustýd) (dialectal)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 473
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сты́д”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

^ Martinsen, D. A. (2003). Surprised by Shame: Dostoevsky's Liars and Narrative Exposure. United States: Ohio State University Press, p. 25

[1] Martinsen, D. A. (2003). Surprised by Shame: Dostoevsky's Liars and Narrative Exposure. United States: Ohio State University Press, p. 25

[1]