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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Compare *syrъ (“raw”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Adjective
*sùrovъ or *suròvъ[1][2][3]
- raw
- severe
- cruel
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *surovъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*surovъ
|
*surova
|
*surovo
|
| genitive
|
*surova
|
*surovy
|
*surova
|
| dative
|
*surovu
|
*surově
|
*surovu
|
| accusative
|
*surovъ
|
*surovǫ
|
*surovo
|
| instrumental
|
*surovomь
|
*surovojǫ
|
*surovomь
|
| locative
|
*surově
|
*surově
|
*surově
|
| vocative
|
*surove
|
*surovo
|
*surovo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*surova
|
*surově
|
*surově
|
| genitive
|
*surovu
|
*surovu
|
*surovu
|
| dative
|
*surovoma
|
*surovama
|
*surovoma
|
| accusative
|
*surova
|
*surově
|
*surově
|
| instrumental
|
*surovoma
|
*surovama
|
*surovoma
|
| locative
|
*surovu
|
*surovu
|
*surovu
|
| vocative
|
*surova
|
*surově
|
*surově
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*surovi
|
*surovy
|
*surova
|
| genitive
|
*surovъ
|
*surovъ
|
*surovъ
|
| dative
|
*surovomъ
|
*surovamъ
|
*surovomъ
|
| accusative
|
*surovy
|
*surovy
|
*surova
|
| instrumental
|
*surovy
|
*surovami
|
*surovy
|
| locative
|
*surověxъ
|
*surovaxъ
|
*surověxъ
|
| vocative
|
*surovi
|
*surovy
|
*surova
|
Definite declension of *surovъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*surovъjь
|
*surovaja
|
*surovoje
|
| genitive
|
*surovajego
|
*surovyję̇
|
*surovajego
|
| dative
|
*surovujemu
|
*surověji
|
*surovujemu
|
| accusative
|
*surovъjь
|
*surovǫjǫ
|
*surovoje
|
| instrumental
|
*surovyjimь
|
*surovǫjǫ
|
*surovyjimь
|
| locative
|
*surovějemь
|
*surověji
|
*surovějemь
|
| vocative
|
*surovъjь
|
*surovaja
|
*surovoje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*surovaja
|
*surověji
|
*surověji
|
| genitive
|
*surovuju
|
*surovuju
|
*surovuju
|
| dative
|
*surovyjima
|
*surovyjima
|
*surovyjima
|
| accusative
|
*surovaja
|
*surověji
|
*surověji
|
| instrumental
|
*surovyjima
|
*surovyjima
|
*surovyjima
|
| locative
|
*surovuju
|
*surovuju
|
*surovuju
|
| vocative
|
*surovaja
|
*surověji
|
*surověji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*suroviji
|
*surovyję̇
|
*surovaja
|
| genitive
|
*surovъjixъ
|
*surovъjixъ
|
*surovъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*surovyjimъ
|
*surovyjimъ
|
*surovyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*surovyję̇
|
*surovyję̇
|
*surovaja
|
| instrumental
|
*surovyjimi
|
*surovyjimi
|
*surovyjimi
|
| locative
|
*surovyjixъ
|
*surovyjixъ
|
*surovyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*suroviji
|
*surovyję̇
|
*surovaja
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: суровъ (surovŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Glagolitic script: ⱄⱆⱃⱁⰲⱏ (surovŭ)
- Old Cyrillic script: соуровъ (surovŭ)
- Bulgarian: суро́в (suróv); су́ров (súrov), су́рав (súrav) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: суров (surov)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: сѝров
- Latin script: sȉrov
- Slovene: surȍv (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “суро́вый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1039”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1039
- Ivanova-Mirčeva, D., editor (2009), “соуровъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Valentin Trajanov, page 763
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*surovъ; *syrovъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474: “adj. o ‘raw, severe, cruel’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “surovъ surova surovo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c rå (PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “surȍv”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*sűrovъ (in *surovъ̏)”