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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew”), perhaps from a reduplication of *teḱ- (“to strike”) (compare Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “to slay”)).
Verb
*tesàti impf[1][2][3]
- to hew, to hack
- (via specialization) to patch, to trim (with tool)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*tesati, *tesa, *tešetь (
impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *tesanьje
|
*tesati
|
*tesatъ
|
*tesalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*tesanъ
|
*tešemъ
|
| Active
|
*tesavъ
|
*tešę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*tesaxъ |
*tesa |
*tesa
|
*tešǫ |
*tešeši |
*tešetь
|
| Dual
|
*tesaxově |
*tesasta |
*tesaste
|
*teševě |
*tešeta |
*tešete
|
| Plural
|
*tesaxomъ |
*tesaste |
*tesašę
|
*tešemъ |
*tešete |
*tešǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*tesaaxъ |
*tesaaše |
*tesaaše
|
— |
*teši |
*teši
|
| Dual
|
*tesaaxově |
*tesaašeta |
*tesaašete
|
*tešivě |
*tešita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*tesaaxomъ |
*tesaašete |
*tesaaxǫ
|
*tešimъ |
*tešite |
—
|
Later in some descendants:
Conjugation of
*tesati, *tesa, *tesajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *tesanьje
|
*tesati
|
*tesatъ
|
*tesalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*tesanъ
|
*tesajemъ
|
| Active
|
*tesavъ
|
*tesaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*tesaxъ |
*tesa |
*tesa
|
*tesajǫ |
*tesaješi |
*tesajetь
|
| Dual
|
*tesaxově |
*tesasta |
*tesaste
|
*tesajevě |
*tesajeta |
*tesajete
|
| Plural
|
*tesaxomъ |
*tesaste |
*tesašę
|
*tesajemъ |
*tesajete |
*tesajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*tesaaxъ |
*tesaaše |
*tesaaše
|
— |
*tesaji |
*tesaji
|
| Dual
|
*tesaaxově |
*tesaašeta |
*tesaašete
|
*tesajivě |
*tesajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*tesaaxomъ |
*tesaašete |
*tesaaxǫ
|
*tesajimъ |
*tesajite |
—
|
Derived terms
- *tesъ (“timber”)
- *tesařь (“carpenter”)
- *tesadlo, *tesakъ (“hacking tool (cleaver, hatchet, adze)”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тесати (tesati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: тесати (tesati)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱄⰰⱅⰹ (tesati)
- Bulgarian: те́сам (tésam) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: тѐсати
- Latin script: tèsati
- Slovene: tesáti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: tesat
- Polish: ciosać
- → Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)
- Slovak: tesať
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тес”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “тёс”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 240
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tesati: tesjǫ tesjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b glatte, tilhugge (SA 210; PR 136)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tesati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tesa̋ti”