Reconstruction:Proto-Tai/C̬.qɯjꟲ

This Proto-Tai entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tai

Etymology

The Proto-Tai form *C̬.qɯjꟲ was reconstructed by Pittayaporn (2009).^[1]

Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Caqi^[2] (whence Paiwan tsaqi, Malay tahi, Malagasy tay).

Also possibly cognate with Chinese 屎 (shǐ, “excrement”); Thai ขี้ (kîi) (a descendant of *C̬.qɯjꟲ) was considered cognate with Middle Chinese 屎 (MC śi) by Manomaivibool (1975)^[3] and Old Chinese 屎 (OC qhji') by Gong (2002).^[4]

Bauer (1996) pointed out that khV ("excrement") is quite widespread in Cantonese 𡲢 (ke¹, “poop”), Tai (e.g. Thai ขี้ (kîi)) and Tibeto-Burman (e.g. Zaiwa kʰji²¹, Burmese ချေး (hkye:, “shit”) and Lashi kʰjei⁵⁵) in focusing on modern lexical forms instead of proto forms.^[5] Paul Benedict criticized that the lexical forms Bauer had pulled together as the "same" word were really just "looklike".^[6] Bauer rebutted that it is highly unlikely that the phenomenon of simple coincidence explains the occurrence of so many phonosemantically similar (and identical) forms in so many different languages.^[6]

Compare Sui ggeex, Proto-Kra *kaiꟲ and Proto-Hlai *ɦaːjʔ (whence haːj³ in most modern dialects).

Noun

*C̬.qɯjꟲ

excrement

Descendants

Northern Tai
- Saek: ไกฺ
- Zhuang: haex
Southwestern Tai
- Thai: ขี้ (kîi)
- Northern Thai: ᨡᩦ᩶
- Lao: ຂີ້ (khī)
- Lü: ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²)
- Shan: ၶီႈ (khīi)
- Ahom: 𑜁𑜣 (khī)

References

^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎^[1], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 325
^ Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.) The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111, 122, 124
^ Manomaivibool, Prapin (1975) A Study of Sino-Thai Lexical Correspondences (PhD dissertation), Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, pages 194, 207, 317
^ 龚群虎 [Gong, Qunhu] (2002) 汉泰关系词的时间层次 [A Study of Chronological Strata of Sino-Thai Corresponding Lexical Items] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社), pages 91, 176, 210
^ Bauer, Robert S. (1996) "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese" In Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, page 1824
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Bauer (1996) (ibid.) page 1836

[1] Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎^[1], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 325

[2] Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.) The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111, 122, 124

[3] Manomaivibool, Prapin (1975) A Study of Sino-Thai Lexical Correspondences (PhD dissertation), Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, pages 194, 207, 317

[4] 龚群虎 [Gong, Qunhu] (2002) 汉泰关系词的时间层次 [A Study of Chronological Strata of Sino-Thai Corresponding Lexical Items] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社), pages 91, 176, 210

[5] Bauer, Robert S. (1996) "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese" In Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, page 1824

[a-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Bauer (1996) (ibid.) page 1836

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