Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋalmakta

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*ŋarma- (per Benzing)

Etymology

From *ŋalma- +‎ *-kta. Jurchenic languages point to a *ŋalman.

Noun

*ŋalmakta

mosquito

Declension

Declension of *ŋalmakta

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋalmakta
Accusative	*ŋalmaktaba
Genitive	*ŋalmaktaŋī
Dative	*ŋalmaktadua
Locative	*ŋalmaktalā
Ablative	*ŋalmaktadiki
Prolative	*ŋalmaktali
Elative	*ŋalmaktagiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋalmaktaʒi
Delative	*ŋalmaktalāki
Directive	*ŋalmaktatiki
Comitative	*ŋalmaktagili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 哈皃麻 (galman /⁠ha-r-ma⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡤᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ (galman)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Evenki: ӈанмакта (ŋanmakta)
  - Negidal: ӈанмакта (ŋanmakta)
  - Oroqen: ɲalmakta
  - Solon: namakta
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: гамакта (gamakta)
    - Udihe: ӈамакта (ŋamakta)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: гармакта (garmakta)
    - Orok: налмакта (nalmakta), ӈалмакта (ŋalmakta), налпакта (nalpakta), намнакта (namnakta)
    - Ulch: галмакта (galmakta)

Referenes

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 49
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, page 657
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 230.