Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋindakun

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*ŋïndakun (per Janhunen)

Etymology

From *ŋinda +‎ *-kun.

Noun

*ŋindakun

dog

Declension

Declension of *ŋindakun

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋindakun
Accusative	*ŋindakunba
Genitive	*ŋindakunŋī
Dative	*ŋindakundua
Locative	*ŋindakunlā
Ablative	*ŋindakundiki
Prolative	*ŋindakunli
Elative	*ŋindakungiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋindakunʒi
Delative	*ŋindakunlāki
Directive	*ŋindakuntiki
Comitative	*ŋindakungili

Descendants

Jurchenic: *indakun
- Jurchen: 因荅忽 (indahun /⁠in-da-hun⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡳᠨ᠋ᡩ᠋ᠠᡥᡡᠨ (indahūn)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic: *ŋinakin
  - Evenki: ӈинакин (ŋinakin)
  - Even: ӈи̇н (ŋi̇n)
  - Negidal: ни̇нахи̇н (nịnaxịn), ӈи̇нахи̇н (ŋịnaxịn)
  - Oroqen: ŋinaɣɪn
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central: *inaki(n)
    - Oroch: инаки (inaki)
    - Udihe: инʼаи (inˀai)
  - South-Eastern: *ŋinda
    - Nanai: инда (inda)
    - Orok: ӈинда (ŋinda)
    - Ulch: и̇ӈда (ịŋda)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 67
Vovin, Alexander, Janhunen, Juha, de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023) The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 46
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 661-662
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 216.