Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/aniganī

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*ańŋa (per EDAL)
*añŋa (per Janhunen)

Reconstruction notes

The status of the syllable-final palatal nasal is problematic in view of the general phonotactic framework of Proto-Tungusic. The second member of the cluster was, in any case, probably velar stop *g and not the velar nasal *ŋ, for the correspondences differ from those of *añŋa.

Etymology

From *aniga +‎ *-nī.

Noun

*aniganī

year

Declension

Declension of *aniganī

	Singular
Nominative	*aniganī
Accusative	*aniganība
Genitive	*aniganīŋī
Dative	*aniganīdua
Locative	*aniganīlā
Ablative	*aniganīdiki
Prolative	*aniganīli
Elative	*aniganīgiʒi
Instrumental	*aniganīʒi
Delative	*aniganīlāki
Directive	*aniganītiki
Comitative	*aniganīgili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 阿捏 (aniya /⁠a-nie⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ (aniya)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: анӈан (anŋan)
  - Evenki: анӈанӣ (anŋaņī)
  - Negidal: анӈанӣ (anŋani)
  - Oroqen: aŋŋanɪ
  - Solon: aŋa
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: аӈани (aŋani)
    - Udihe: аӈани (aŋani)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: айӈани (ajŋani)
    - Orok: аԩани́ (ańaní)
    - Ulch: ан’а(н) (ańa(n))

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 18
Vovin, Alexander, Janhunen, Juha, de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023) The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 56
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 43-44
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 191.