Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/kalimu

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kalịmụ (per Knapen)

Etymology

Considering that terms for marine animals in Tungusic are mostly of Amuric (Nivkh) origin, then this word is most likely borrowed from Proto-Nivkh *qʰalm (“whale of small size”) (whence Nivkh ӄалм (qalm, “whale”)).[1] Compare also *kiaŋa (“whale”), which is also borrowed from Proto-Nivkh *keŋ ~ geŋ (“whale of intermediate size”).

This word was also loaned into Proto-Mongolic *kalimu (“whale”), compare Mongolian халим (xalim, “whale”).[2][3]

Noun

*kalimu

  1. whale
    Synonym: *kiaŋa

Declension

Declension of *kalimu
Singular
Nominative *kalimu
Accusative *kalimuba
Genitive *kalimuŋī
Dative *kalimudua
Locative *kalimulā
Ablative *kalimudiki
Prolative *kalimuli
Elative *kalimugiʒi
Instrumental *kalimuʒi
Delative *kalimulāki
Directive *kalimutiki
Comitative *kalimugili

Descendants

  • → Proto-Mongolic: *kalimu
  • Tungusic:

References

  1. ^ Martijn G. T. M. Knapen (2021) “The oldest layer of Amuric-Tungusic lexical contacts”, in Diversity Linguistics‎[1], pages 106-107
  2. ^ Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, pages 177-178
  3. ^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1985) Mongolo-Tungusica (in German), Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, page 91
  • Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 366-367
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