Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/saŋńan

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*sagńan (per Doerfer & Knüppel)

Etymology

From *saŋńa- (“to smoke”) +‎ *-n.

Noun

*saŋńan

smoke

Declension

Declension of *saŋńan

	Singular
Nominative	*saŋńan
Accusative	*saŋńanba
Genitive	*saŋńanŋī
Dative	*saŋńandua
Locative	*saŋńanlā
Ablative	*saŋńandiki
Prolative	*saŋńanli
Elative	*saŋńangiʒi
Instrumental	*saŋńanʒi
Delative	*saŋńanlāki
Directive	*saŋńantiki
Comitative	*saŋńangili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 尚加 (šanggiyan /⁠šang-gia⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (šanggiyan)
Tungusic:
- North Tungusic:
  - Even: ха̄нин (hāņin)
  - Evenki: саӈнян (saŋņan)
  - Negidal: саӈн’ан (saŋńan)
  - Oroqen: ʃaŋŋan
  - Solon: saŋa
- South Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: саӈня(н) (saŋnja(n)), саӈн’а(н) (saŋn'ja(n))
    - Udihe: саӈня (saŋnja)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: саӈнян (saŋnjan)
    - Orok: саӈна (saŋna), саӈнака (saŋnaka)
    - Ulch: саӈня(н) (saŋńan)

References

Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 63
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 138.
Doerfer, Gerhard, Knüppel, Michael (2004) Etymologisch-ethnologisches Wörterbuch tungusischer Dialekte, Hildesheim: Olms, page 701